4G – The Next Generation Wireless

Network

Cheng Cui & Zhiwei Li

Department of Software & Information System

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 Introduction

 4G is an initialism of the term Fourth-Generation Co

mmunications System.
 A 4G system will provide an end-to-end IP solution w
here voice, data and streamed multimedia can be se
rved to users on an "Anytime, Anywhere" basis at hig
her data rates than previous generations.
 No formal definition is set as to what 4G is, but the o
bjectives that are predicted for 4G can be summarize
d as follows:

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 Introduction - cont’d

 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of system

s and network of networks wired and wireless networks
(e.g.: computer, consumer electronics, communication t
echnology…)
 Providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdo
or and indoor environments
 End-to-end quality of service
 High security
 Offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere
 Affordable cost and one billing
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 Introduction - cont’d
  The following are some possible features of the 4G systems :

 Support interactive multimedia, voice, video, wireless internet and other

broadband services.

 High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.

 Global mobility, service portability, scalable mobile networks.

 Seamless switching, variety of services based on Quality of Service (Q

oS) requirements

 Better scheduling and call admission control techniques.

 Ad hoc networks and multi-hop networks.

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 Introduction - cont’d

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 Pre-4G Wireless Standards

 WiMAX - 7.2 million units by 2010 (May include fixed

and mobile)
 Flash-OFDM - 13 million subscribers in 2010 (only M
obile)
 3GPP Long Term Evolution of UMTS in 3GPP - valu
ed at US$2 billion in 2010 (~30% of the world
population)
 UMB in 3GPP2
 IEEE 802.20

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 Pre-4G Wireless Standards 4G
WCDMA FDD IPWireless Flarion
WCDMA TDD TDD
TD-SCDMA Navini
InterDigital
CDMA 1x licensedTDD
spectrum NextNet
EV-DO / DV ArrayComm
… Beamreach
… ….
802.20 AirGo

3GPP Family 802.16e

802.16-2004 (WiMax)
Proprietary 802.11b
technologies 802.11a / g / n / s
IEEE 802 Family … unlicensed spectrum

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 Technology - parameters of 3G Vs
4G

Attribute 3G 4G
Major Characteristic Predominantly voice- data as add-on Converged data and VoIP
Hybrid – integration of Wireless Lan (Wi
Network Architecture Wide area Cell based
Fi), Blue Tooth, Wide Area
Frequency Band 1.6 - 2.5 GHz 2 – 8 GHz
Optimized antenna; multi-band Smart antennas; SW multi-band;
Component Design
adapters wideband radios
Bandwidth 5 – 20 MHz 100+ MHz
Data Rate 385 Kbps - 2 Mbps 20 – 100 Mbps
Access WCDMA/CDMA2000 MC-CDMA or OFDM
Forward Error Correction Convolution code 1/2, 1/3; turbo Concatenated Coding
Switching Circuit/Packet Packet
Mobile top Speed 200 kmph 200 kmph
IP Multiple versions All IP (IPv6.0)
Operational ~2003 ~2010

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 Architecture

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 Architecture - cont’d

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 Challenges
 4G definition
– A global consensus on the 4G definition is needed before the
standardization starts.
– Despite efforts there still are too many diverging approached to 4G.
 Seamless connectivity
– Inter- and intra-network connectivity is fundamental to the provision
of temporally and spatially seamless services.
– Vertical and horizontal handovers are critical for 4G. In the former
case, the heterogeneity and variety of networks exacerbate the
problem.
 Latency
– Many 4G services are delay sensitive.
– Guaranteeing short delays in networks with different access
architecture and coverage is far from straightforward.

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 Challenges - cont’d
 Concealing complexity
– 4G networks would be undoubtedly complex, but this needs to be
hidden from the user.
 Spectrum issues
– Spectrum for 4G will be allocated in 2007.
– It is difficult to design a wireless system without knowing the
channel, in particular if exploit multi-antenna technology.
 Complex resource allocation
– Management of time, frequency and spatial resources in a multi-
network, multi-user environment is far from trivial.
 Interference
– Multiple access interference control and mitigation in
heterogeneous environments (coexisting air interfaces, varied
terminals and services) is an issue.

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 Challenges - cont’d

 Power consumption
– By any measure, power consumption in future multi-function
multi-standard 4G terminals will sharply increase.
– Usability is seriously compromised, heat management
becomes an issue.
 Cost
– Cost of infrastructure is key for the success of 4G.
However, new access architectures may require a large
number of access points.
– Cost of terminal should be low enough to attract customers.
– Services need to be attractively priced.

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 Development
 A Japanese company has been testing a 4G communication syst
em prototype at 100 Mbit/s while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while statio
nary. Recently reached 5 Gbit/s moving at 10 km/h, and is planni
ng on releasing the first commercial network in 2010.
 An Irish company has announced that they have received a mobil
e communications license from Irish Telecoms regulator. This ser
vice will be issued the mobile code 088 in Ireland and will be use
d for the provision of 4G Mobile communications.
 Sprint plans to launch 4G services in trial markets by the end of 2
007 with plans to deploy a network that reaches as many as 100
million people in 2008

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 Conclusion

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 Sources on topic
Web Link
 ‘Wikipedia’ – title: 4G
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/4G
 National Science Foundation
http://www.nsf.gov
 Groups working on 4G : WWRF , projects funded by NSF , Lucent , AT&T, Motorola, etc.
http://www.wireless-world-research.org/
 4G Wireless Systems
http://users.ece.gatech.edu/~jxie/4G
 4G Wireless Standard
http://www.nd.edu/~mhaenggi/NET/wireless/4G/
 IEEE:
http://www.ieee.org
 IEEE Communications Society:
http://www.comsoc.org/index.html
 International Telecommunications Union:
http://www.itu.org
 Association of Computer Machinery:
http://www.acm.org
 European Telecommunications Standard Institue:
http://ww.etsl.org
 3Gpp partnership project:
http://www.3gpp.org
 Internet Engineering Task Force:
http://www.ietf.orgB
 Bluetooth official website:
http://www.bluetooth.com
 WAP forum:
http://www.WAPForum.org
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 Sources on topic

Journals
 IEEE Explore: IEEE journals and conferences
http://www.ieee.org/ieeexplore
 Ad Hoc Networks Journal
 IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking
 IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing
 IEEE Transactions On Information Theory
 IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
 IEEE Communications Magazine
 IEEE Network Magazine
 IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications (JSAC)
 Journal of Communications and Networks
 Journal of High-Speed Networks
 Mobile Computing and Communications Review

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 Sources on topic

Conferences/Workshops
 ACM SIGCOMM Special Interest Group on Data Communications
http://www.sigcomm.org/
 IEEE ICC (International Conference on Communications)
 IEEE INFOCOM
http://www.ieee-infocom.org/
 ACM SASN (ACM Workshop on Security of Ad Hoc and Sensor Networks )
 ACM SIGMOBILE MOBICOM (International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking)
 ACM SIGMOBILE MOBIHOC (ACM International Symposium on Mobile Ad Hoc Networking and Computing)
 Conference on Computer and Communications Security (CCS)
 Conference on High Performance Networking and Computing (SC)

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 Sources on topic

Standards
 RFCs
http://www.rfc-editor.org/
 Internet Drafts
http://www.ietf.org/
 ITU-T
http://www.itu.int/

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 Research papers in the area
 Aurelian Bria, Maxime Flament, Fredrik Gessler, Olav Queseth, Rikard Stridh, Matthias Unbehaun,
Jiang Wu, Jens Zander. 4th Generation wireless infrastructures - scenarios & research challenges.
Special Edition IEEE Personal Communications, Dec. 2001, 2001.
 Savo Glisic and Juha-Pekka Mäkelä, University of Oulu, Finland. “Advanced Wireless Networks: 4
G Technologies”
 Vinod Mirchandani, M. Rubaiyat Kibria, and Abbas Jamalipour, "An Open-System 4G/B3G Network
Architecture", in the proceedings of IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), vol.
2, pp. 1357-1361, Soul, South Korea, May, 2005.
 Jihad Qaddour, Raffique A. C. Barbour, “Evolution to 4G wireless: problems, solutions, and challe
nges” AICCSA 2005: 78
 K.R. Santhi, G.S. Kumaran ,“Migration to 4G: Mobile IP based Solution, Telecommunications” 2006
.AICT-ICIW apos;06. International Conference on Internet and Web Applications and services/Adva
nced International Conference on Volume , Issue , Date: 19-25 Feb. 2006, Pages: 76- 76.

Availabe at: http://webpages.uncc.edu/~zli19/4g.htm

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