Lesson no.

3
TEXT TYPES AND
STRUCTURES
 TYPES OF TEXT
STRUCTURES

NARRATI EXPOSITO
VE RY

Insights about Factual

human condition information,
and realities historical data,
presented in an current issues,
artistic way. processes,
guidelines, and
research findings
through the years.
 Setting NARRATIVE Characters
TEXT
Refers to the time and Usually people (except
place of the story for fables where the
characters are animals)

Plot Theme

Series of related events The central or

in the story, includes; dominating idea in a
exposition, rising action, narrative from which
climax, denouement, and morals or values can be
conclusion drawn.
 Literature

Prose
Poetry
 
 Prose
It is a literary piece which is written in the
pattern of ordinary spoken language and
within the common flow of conversation.

It is derived from the Latin word prosa

which means ‘straightforward’.
 PROSE

Fiction Non-
Fiction
 
 A series of imagined facts
which illustrates truths about
human life
a. Novel
This is a long narrative divided into
chapters. The events may be taken from true-
to-life stories and spans for a long period of
time. There are many characters involved.
Jane Austen
b. Short Story
This is a narrative involving one or
more characters, one plot and one single
impression.
Examples:
c. Plays/Drama
From the Greek word “dran” which means
“to do”
A fictional prose narrative of considerable
length, typically having a plot that is unfolded
by the actions, speech, and thoughts of the
characters
 ends with
•Tragedy – threat/disaster

•Comedy – Happy endings

d. Legends
These are fictitious narratives, usually about
origins. It provides historical
information regarding the culture and
views of particular group of people or country.

Examples:
The Bikol Legend
Legend of Pineapple
Legend of “Makahiya”
e. Folk tales
A traditional narrative, usually
anonymous, and handed down orally.

Example:
The adventures of Juan
The Hawk and the Hen
Fairy Tales
f. Fables (special type of folk tale)
These are also fictitious and they deal with
animals and inanimate things who
speak and act like people. Their purpose
is to enlighten the minds of children
to events that can mold their ways and
attitudes.
Examples:
Aesop’s Fables
The Lion and the
Mouse
g. Myths
A traditional sacred story, typically
revolving around the activities of gods
and heroes, which aim to explain a
natural phenomenon or cultural practice.
Example:
The Story of Cupid and Psyche
The Fall of Troy
The Myth about Creation - Tagalog
h. Anecdotes
These are merely
products of the writer’s
imagination and the main
aim is to bring out
lessons to the reader.

“The Moth and the Lamp” – Dr. Jose Rizal

Factual and real – life based written
works
i. Essay
This expresses the viewpoint or
opinion of the writer about a
particular problem or event. The best
example of this is the Editorial page
of a newspaper.

Examples:
Of Studies – Francis Bacon
On Doors – Christopher Morley
 j. Biography
This deals with the life of a person which
may be about himself, his autobiography
or that of others.

Example:
Cayetano Arellano –
Socorro O. Albert
k. News
This is a report of everyday events in society,
government, science and industry,
accidents etc., happening nationally or not.
 l. Oration
This is a formal treatment of a
subject and is intended to be
spoken in public. It appeals to
the intellect, to the will or
to the emotions of the
audience.
Examples:
I have A Dream – Martin Luther King
President’s State of the Nations Address
Poetry It refers to those expressions
in verse, with measures,
rhymes, lines, stanzas and
melodious tones.
It came from the Greek word
poiesis which means ‘making’
or ‘creating’.
Language is used for its
aesthetic an evocative
qualities
Figurative in nature
Narrative
•Epic

•Metrical Tales/Romance

•Ballad
A.Narrative
Poetry:
This form describes
Important events
in
life either real or
imaginary.
 It is an extended
narrative about heroic exploits
under supernatural control. It
may deal with heroes and gods.
Examples:

Biag ni Lam-ang
 2. Metrical Tales
This is a narrative which
is written in verse and can be
classified either as a metrical
romance. (about everything
that’s good and beautiful)
Examples of these are simple idylls or home tales,
love tales, or tales of the supernatural or tales written
for a strong moral purpose in verse form.
“The Lady of Shallot” by Lord Alfred
Tennyson
 This is considered as the shortest and
simplest of the narrative poems. It has
a simple structure and tells of a single
incident, mostly tragedies of life.

Variations of these are:

love ballads, war ballads, sea ballads, humorous,
moral, historical, or mythical ballads.
Example:
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner – Samuel Taylor Coleridge
 Ballad of a Mother’s Heart
Jose La Villa Tierra
The night was dark,
For the moon was young,
And the Stars were asleep and
rare,
The clouds were thick,
Yet Youth went out,
To see his Maiden fair.

Dear one,
he pleaded as he knelt before her
feet in tears.
My love is true,
Why you have kept me waiting all
this years?
The maiden looked at him.
Unmoved it seemed,
And whispered low,
 Persistent Youth,
You have to prove by deeds,
Your love is true.
"There's not a thing
I would not do for you, Beloved" said he.
"Then, go." said she. "To your mother dear,
And bring her heart to me.

Without another word,

Youth left and went to his mother dear.
He opened her breast and took her heart!
But he did not shed a tear.

Then back to his Maiden fair,

He run unmindful of the rain.
But his feet slipped, And he fell down,
And loud, he groaned with pain!
 Still in his hand he held the prize,
That would win his Maiden's hands.
But he thought of his mother dear,
So kind, so sweet, so fond.

And then,
he heard a voice!
Not from his lips,
But all apart!

"Get up" it said.

"Were you hurt, Child?"
It was his mother's heart.
 Folksong
 Sonnet
 Elegy
 Ode
 Psalm
 Corrido
B. Lyric Poetry:
Originally, this
refers to that kind of poetry
meant to be sung to the
accompaniment of a lyre, but
now, this applies to any type of
poetry that expresses emotions
and feelings to the poet. They
are usually short, simple and
easy to understand.
Types of Lyric Poetry

1.Folksongs (Awiting Bayan)

These are short poems intended to be sung for
a
particular group or minority.
The common theme is love, despair, grief,
doubt, joy, hope, and sorrow.
2. Sonnets
This is a lyric of poem of 14
lines dealing with an
emotion, a feeling or an idea.
There are two types: the Italian
and the Shakespearean.
Sonnet: By The Creek
By Paul McCann

I escaped down to the creek today .

I lost my way and wished you would come
I sat down on the grass in the sun,
In the silence I began to pray .
In the water some stepping stones lay
where my reflections just had begun .
Your presence I felt had overcome,
I was not lost and alone that day .
I walked away and stood on a stone .
In the water I saw the blue sky.
You came to me in a quiet place.
In reflective prayer I'm not alone
with the sound of water flowing by,
on stepping stones I walk in Gods grace.
 Angie 
3. Elegy
No one knows what really
This is a lyric poem
happened to her 
which expresses feelings all they know that she was good
of grief and melancholy, and dead 
and whose theme is some people say it was foul play
death. some people say 
it was something wrong in her
head 
but then I began to have these
weird dreams about her 
some beautiful some horrible,
but how do we know what's real
and what's a fantasy 
when Angie's not here to tell.
4. Ode
This is a poem of a noble
feeling, expressed with dignity
dedicated to someone or
something (personified), with no
definite number of syllables or
definite number of lines in a stanza.
  Ode to Sir Lucius Gray and Sir H. Morison
Ben Jonson (1572-1637)

It is not growing like a tree

In bulk, doth make man better be;
Or standing long an Oak, three hundred year,
To fall a log at last, dry, bald, and sear.
A Lily of a day
Is fairer far, in May
Although it fall and die that night;
It was the plant and flower of light.
In small proportions we just beauties see;
And in short measure, life may perfect be.
This is a song praising God
and containing a philosophy
of life.
 Psalm 23
A psalm of David.
1 
The LORD is my shepherd, I lack nothing.
2 
    He makes me lie down in green pastures,
he leads me beside quiet waters,
3 
    he refreshes my soul.
He guides me along the right paths
    for his name’s sake.
4 
Even though I walk
    through the darkest valley,
I will fear no evil,
    for you are with me;
your rod and your staff,
    they comfort me.
5 
You prepare a table before me
    in the presence of my enemies.
You anoint my head with oil;
    my cup overflows.
6 
Surely your goodness and love will follow me
    all the days of my life,
and I will dwell in the house of the LORD
    forever.
 Example:
6. Song
Florante at
These have the Laura(Francisco Balagtas)
measures of twelve O pagsintang labis ng
syllables kapangyarihan,
Sampung mag-aama’y iyong
(dodecasyllabic) and nasasaklaw;
slowly sung to the Pag ikaw ang nasok sa puso
ninuman,
accompaniment of a Hahamakin ang lahat masunod
guitar or banduria. ka lamang!
7. Corridos
These have measures of eight
syllables (octosyllabic) and recited
to a martial beat.
The songs are often about
oppressions, daily life of peasants,
and other socially important
information.
 Ibong Adarna
Sagot sa Panalangin
Diyos nga’y di natutulog
at ang tao’y sinusubok;
ang salari’y sinusunog!
ang banal ay kinukupkop!
C. Dramatic Poetry:

This is an emotional piece of

literature which includes a story
which is recited or sung. Soliloquy
and dramatic monologues are the
main instruments of this form of
poetry.
 EXPOSITORY
TEXT
Written to explicitly explain a particular topic or subject. Also
called ‘Informational Text’ because it usually provides factual
information

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