School of management

Kanika Sofat
 Scientific Management
 It involves the application of a scientific
approach to managerial decision making
consisting of collection of data, an analysis of
data and basing decision on its outcome.
 Discard unscientific approaches
 Cooperation of work towards attainment of

group objectives.
 Maximum output in place of restricted output.
 Development of each person to the greatest of

his capabilities.
 Merits of Scientific Management
 More production and higher profits.
 Job satisfaction
 Personality Development
 Higher standard of living
 Standardization of tools, period of work,

working condition and cost of production.

 Human Behaviour
 Primary objective is to examine and analyze
the impact of human factor towards more
effective management.
 It considers organization as a social system

with a culture of its own.

 It studies individual behavior.
 All individuals are treated alike without regard

their personal attitudes, beliefs etc.

 It is direct outcome of Hawthorne experiment.
 Contributions of Human behavior
approach
 Informal groups have serious impact on
workers productivity.
 There are conflicts between the organization

and the individual.

 Friendly supervision has a favorable influence

on human efficiency at work.

 Free flow of communication in the
organization makes for good human
relations.
 Mathematical School
 Aims at achieving a high degree of precision and
objectivity by making use of mathematical and
statistical devices for finding optimal solution to
complex business problems.
 It has led to increased use of information
technology, electronic data processing and other
sophisticated quantitative techniques for
decision making.
 The job of management is to achieve specific
measurable goals through optimal decision
making.
 Mathematical School
 It emphasis on precision and objectivity.
 Replacement of intuition and hunch.
 It has imparted sense of perfection and

accuracy in decision making.

 System Approach Of Management
 System is a set of interrelated parts that function as
a whole to achieve a common purpose.
 System function by acquiring inputs from the
external environment, transforming them in some
way and discarding output back to the environment.
 Each system has several parts each being known as
sub-system.
 It define open and closed system.
 This theory describe org as open system that are
characterized by entropy(tendency for system to run
down and die), synergy(concept that the whole is
greater than the sum of its parts) and
subsystem(parts of system that depend on one
another for their functioning).
System theory of organization
ENVIRONMENT
INPUTS ORGANIZATION OUTPUT
SYSTEM
Employe
Raw Info e
Mate resou Satisfact
rial rce TRANFORMATION ion Product
PROCESS /
Finan Management/produ services
cial ction technology Profits/
HR
resou losses
rce

FEEDBACK
 Merits of System Approach
 It highlights the interrelatedness of various
parts of the organization.
 It makes a study of the interaction between

business and its external environment.

 It permits a widest analysis of business

functioning so as to have a complete

dimensional analysis of business
management.
Thank you…..