VALUE CHAIN PROCESESS AND THE APPLICATION

OF INTERNATIONAL MARKETING PRACTICES

COLLEGE OF BUSINESS AND ECONOMICS

DEPARTMENT OF MBA
Course title:-Advanced marketing management

Prepared By:
1. SOLIYANA KELEMU
2. MERON DEGHIFIE
3. FRIEHIWOT HAILU
The contents of this topic
This project has three chapters
1. Introduction
 Background of the study and the organization
 Research questions and objective of the study
 Methods of data collection
2. Literature review
 Meaning of value chain, value delivery processes
 Holistic marketing
 Meaning International marketing and entry modes
3. Data analysis, conclusion and recommendation
Chapter one
1. Background of the study
Harvard Business School's Michael E. Porter was the first to introduce the
concept of a value chain. Porter, who also developed the Five Forces
Model that many businesses and companies use to figure out how well
they can compete in the current marketplace, first discussed the value
chain concept in his book "Competitive Advantage: Creating and
Sustaining Superior Performance" .
Porter suggests that activities within an organization add value to the
service and products that the company produces, and that all of these
activities should be run at optimum level if the organization is to gain any
real competitive advantage. In his book, Porter said a business's activities
could be split into two categories those are primary and secondary.
Cont…
( Doole and Lowe (2001). "International Marketing is the
performance of business activities that direct the flow of a
company’s goods and services to consumers or users in
more than one nation for a profit.
“(Cateora and Ghauri (1999)). "The international market
goes beyond the export marketer and becomes more
involved in the marketing environment in the countries in
which it is doing business.
The aim of the study is to assess the value chain processes
and the application of international marketing and the
modes of entry of DBSC.
2. Background of the case company

 Dashen Brewery is one of the Ethiopian beer manufacturing industries.

 Dashen Brewery S.C was established as an endowment to assist the overall
development needs of the Amhara region in 2000 G.C.
 The primary objective of the factory is creating linkage between the agriculture
and the industry sectors, through barley (for beer malt) production as input to the
factory in the high land area farmers of Amhara region as well as the country.
 The factory is the latest and the most modem brewery in the country that uses
high-tech machinery.
 In fulfilling quality standards Dashen Brewery S.C has awarded quality
management system ISO: 9001-2000 and 2008 and also environmental
management system (EMS) ISO: 14001-2004 certificates.
 The company is a pioneer to receive the ISO awards in Ethiopia. Being certified of
ISO credentials it built up customers' confidence, increased sales volume, ensured
international recognition and increased market competitiveness.
Research questions
we attempt to examine the following questions.
1. What seems value chain process in the company?
2. What are the short term market opportunities, the major factors
detect to utilize those opportunities and your strategies?
3. How company exercises holistic marketing and its response to
each dimension?
4. How the company enters and applies international marketing
and what are the factors influences the company to enter in to
the international market?
Objectives of the study
To assess the implementation of the international marketing and
the value chain process
Cont…
Method of data collection and interpretation
 To achieve the objective of the study, we used both primary
and secondary data that obtained through different tools.
Because of shortage of time and the nature of the project we
select interview as the primary source of data and different
documents as a secondary source of data.
Interview, observation and annual newsletter are used to obtain
primary and secondary data’s and data analysis/interpretation
method of the study was organized and analyzed through
descriptive method by using qualitative methods or narrations.
 Chapter Two
2. Literature review
 The term value chain is defined by different authors for
instance according to (Schmitz, 2005) a value chain consists of
all value-generating activities, sequential or otherwise, required
to produce, deliver and dispose of a commodity.
More specifically (Kaplinsky and Morris, 2000) defined the term
as, it “describes the full range of activities which are required to
bring a product or service from conception, through the different
phases of production (involving a combination of physical
transformations and the input of various producer services), to
delivery to the final consumer and final disposal after use ”.
In addition according to (McCormick and Schmitz, 2002) a
typical chain includes all of a product‟s stage of development,
from its design to its sourced raw materials and intermediate
inputs, its distribution, and its support to the final consumer.
Cont…
To understand how to conduct a value chain analysis, a
business must first know what its value chain is. A value chain
is the full range of activities — including design, production,
marketing and distribution — businesses go through to bring a
product or service from conception to delivery. For companies
that produce goods, the value chain starts with the raw
materials used to make their products, and consists of
everything that is added to it before it is sold to consumers.
The goal of value chain management is to ensure that those in
charge of each stage of the value chain are communicating
with one another, to help make sure the product is getting in
the hands of customers as seamlessly and as quickly as
possible.
Cont…
 In his book, Porter said a business's activities could be split into two
categories: primary activities and support activities. Primary activities
include the following:
 Inbound logistics: This refers to everything involved in receiving, storing
and distributing the raw materials used in the production process.
 Operations: This is the stage where raw products are turned into the final
product.
 Outbound logistics: This is the distribution of the final product to
consumers.
 Marketing and sales: This stage involves activities like advertising,
promotions, sales-force organization, selecting distribution channels, pricing,
and managing customer relationships of the final product to ensure it is
targeted to the correct consumer groups.
 Service: This refers to the activities that are needed to maintain the product's
performance after it has been produced. This stage includes things like
installation, training, maintenance, repair, warranty and after-sales services.
Cont…
The support activities help the primary functions and
comprise the following:
Procurement: This is how the raw materials for the
product are obtained.
Technology development: Technology can be used across
the board in the development of a product, including in the
research and development stage, in how new products are
developed and designed, and process automation.
Human resource management: These are the activities
involved in hiring and retaining the proper employees to
help design, build and market the product.
Firm infrastructure: This refers to an organization's
structure and its management, planning, accounting, finance
and quality-control mechanisms
Porters value chain
The Value Delivery Process
The traditional view of marketing is that the firm makes
something and then sells it . In this view, marketing takes place
in the second half of the process. The company knows what to
make and the market will buy enough units to produce profits.
Companies that subscribe to this view have the best chance of
succeeding in economies marked by goods shortages where
consumers are not fussy about quality, features, or style.
The traditional view of the business process, however, will not
work in economies where people face abundant choices. There,
the "mass market" is actually splintering into numerous micro
markets, each with its own wants, perceptions, preferences, and
buying criteria. The smart competitor must design and deliver
offerings for well-defined target markets. This belief is at the
core of the new view of business processes, which places
marketing at the beginning of planning.
Cont…
A). Traditional product process sequence.

b).value creation and delivery process

Goals and outcomes of value chain analysis
Ruth Campbell, senior vice president of technical learning and application
at economic development said that the best result of a value chain analysis
should be the identification of the following components:
1. Key short- and medium-term end-market opportunities in the target
value chains.
2. Factors constraining the maximization of these opportunities (for small-
scale producers, women, youth, etc.).
3. Upgrading strategies to address these constraints and maximize
opportunities.
4. Private-sector, public-sector and civil society entities to partner with to
achieve these upgrading strategies.
5. Recommendations of how to support these value chain upgrading
strategies in a way that is gender equitable, promotes improved nutrition
(where relevant), and is inclusive of the poor and other marginalized
group.
Cont…
One common misconception is that every constraint identified
in a value chain analysis must be addressed," Campbell said.
"Value chain analysis should be used to prioritize the most
binding constraints — the ones that, if addressed, will produce
the most beneficial impact — and/or those constraints that can
be addressed relatively quickly and easily to produce
momentum for change among value chain actors."
Benchmarks
The firm's success depends not only on how well each department
performs its work, but also on how well the various departmental
activities are coordinated to conduct core business processes.
These core business processes include:
1. The market sensing process: All the activities involved in gathering
market intelligence, disseminating it within the organization, and
acting on the information.
Cont….
2. The new offering realization process: All the activities
involved in researching, developing, and launching new high-
quality offerings quickly and within budget.
3. The customer acquisition process: All the activities involved
in defining target markets and prospecting for new customers.
4. The customer relationship management process: All the
activities involved in building deeper understanding,
relationships, and offerings to individual customers.
5. The fulfilment management process: All the activities
involved in receiving and approving orders, shipping the
goods on time, and collecting payment
 Orientation Holistic marketing and
customer value
The holistic marketing concept is based on the development,
design, and implementation of marketing programs, processes, and
activities that recognizes their breadth and inter-dependencies.
Holistic marketing recognizes that "everything matters" with
marketing— and that a broad, integrated perspective is often
necessary. Four components of holistic marketing are relationship
marketing, integrated marketing, internal marketing, and social
responsibility marketing. (Philip Kotler& Kkevin Lane)
The process of holistic marketing takes into account the
considerations of stakeholders, customers, employees, suppliers and
the community as a whole when creating and implementing
marketing strategies
1. Relationship Marketing
 The objective of relationship marketing is to build strong,
long-lasting relationships with various stakeholders and
other important parties connected to the business.
 Customers, employees, financing entities, suppliers,
regulatory agencies and competitive firms are all necessary
partners for a business to have and sustain, and each has a
significant impact on the success or failure of the company.
 Relationship marketing focuses on establishing relationships
with a stakeholder, and it also requires retention and growth
of each relationship over time.
Cont…
Integrated Marketing
 Within the integrated marketing component of a holistic strategy, businesses work
toward making marketing decisions focused on creating value for stakeholders
through a clear, concise marketing message. All activities within integrated
marketing including advertising, public relations, direct marketing, online
communications and social media marketing work-in sync with one another to
ensure the customers and business partners have the same experience with and
perception of the company. The main focus is on integration of promotion mixes to
deliver clear message.

Robert Lauterborn suggested that the sellers' four Ps correspond to the customers' four
Cs.
 Four Ps Four Cs
 Product -------------Customer solution
 Price -----------------Customer cost
 Place ----------------Convenience
 Promotion ---------Communication
Cont…
Internal Marketing
Internal marketing is aimed at catering to the specific needs of the
business's own employees.
Internal marketing ensures that employees are satisfied with the
work they perform each day as well as the philosophy and direction
of the organization as a whole.
Greater satisfaction among employees leads to increased customer
satisfaction over time, making internal marketing a key aspect of
the holistic approach.
In addition to working toward employee satisfaction through
internal marketing, businesses use this component of holistic
marketing to achieve coordination among internal departments.
The objective is to reduce departmental conflicts among the various
business arms within a single organization which leads to greater
synergy in marketing activities presented to the consuming public.
Societal Marketing
Effective internal marketing must be matched by a strong sense of
social responsibility. Companies need to evaluate whether they are
truly practicing ethical and socially responsible marketing. Several
forces are driving companies to practice a higher level of corporate
social responsibility: rising customer expectations, changing
employee expectations, government legislation and pressure,
investor interest in social criteria, and changing business
procurement practices.
The issues are complicated: It is not easy to draw a clear line
between normal marketing practice and unethical behavior. At the
same time, certain business practices are clearly unethical or illegal.
These include bribery or stealing trade secrets; false and deceptive
advertising; exclusive dealing and tying agreements; quality or
safety defects; false warranties; inaccurate labelling; price-fixing or
undue discrimination; and barriers to entry and predatory
competition.
Diagram of holistic marketing
Holistic marketing must meet all the challenges
of 21th century which are:

Globalization
Changing technology
Customer empowerment
Customization
Customer relationship marketing
customer life time value
target marketing
integrated marketing communication
channels as partners
every employee as marketer
Meanings of international marketing
International marketing is simply the application of
marketing principles to more than one country. However,
there is a crossover between what is commonly expressed as
international marketing and global marketing, which is a
similar term. For the purposes of this lesson on
international marketing and those that follow it,
international marketing and global marketing are
interchangeable.
International marketing is simply the application of
marketing principles to more than one country.
At its simplest level, international marketing involves the
firm in making one or more marketing mix decisions across
national boundaries. At its most complex level, it involves
the firm in establishing manufacturing facilities overseas
and coordinating marketing strategies across the globe.
Reasons Why Companies Go Into International Marketing
By George N. Root III; Updated September 26, 2017, There
are several reasons why companies go into international
marketing, and business owners need to recognize these
reasons to determine if it is their time to think global.
1. Regional Standardization
One of the reasons a company gets into international
marketing is to help establish a standard for particular
regions, according to marketing expert Lars Perner. For
example, your customers in Europe may not have access to
an accessory that you can make available in Asia. So your
European marketing will work to either offer a substitute to
that accessory or let customers know that they cannot get
that accessory in their part of the world.
 Resources
If you are planning global expansion to take advantage of
resources available in other parts of the world, then you
need to create an international marketing plan to generate
interest in your company abroad.
Internet
The Internet can make any company into a global retailer
without that company needing to have any presence
outside of the your country.
Competition
Some companies may not feel the need to expand
internationally; however, their marketplace may force them
to move into international marketing. If your competition
has decided to go global, then that is something that you
need to investigate as well, according to marketing expert,
Professor W. Tim G. Richardson
Techniques to enter in international marketing/mode of
entries
Organizations exist in environments. The change in consumers
test, suppliers’ condition, government policies, political
conditions etc…results in the change production and trade
structure. New system and techniques are involved and
developed to conduct involved International business Modes of
entry into an international market are the channels which your
organization employs to gain entry to a new international market
1. Joint venture
A corporate entity created with the participation of two
companies that share equity, capital, and labor, among
others. Joint Ventures tend to be equity-based i.e. a new
company is set up with parties owning a proportion of the
new business. There are many reasons why companies set up
Joint Ventures to assist them to enter a new international
market:
Cont…
1. Access to technology, core competences or management skills.
2. To gain entry to a foreign market.
3. Access to distribution channels, manufacturing and R&D are
most common forms of Joint Venture
2. Counter trade
Trade carried out wholly or partially in goods rather than
money.
 Denotes a whole range of barter-like agreements
Primarily used when a firm exports to a country whose
currency is not freely convertible
 Developing countries or new states
Importing country may lack the foreign exchange
reserves required
3. International subcontracting
An arrangement by manufacturer in the developed country with one in
the developing country under which the latter agrees to supply the
parts and components and or do assembly operations for the former,
on a long term basis. Under this system the manufacturer of a final
product does not produce the whole product but imports some of its
parts and components from the manufacturers of those parts and
components in another country under specifications provided to them
by the former
 Sometimes the contractee also supplies finance and technical
assistance to the contracting party
 Such types of arrangements are generally made in labor-intensive
industrial products.
Reasons for growth of sub contracting
Capital scarcity(host country)
Labor-cost factor(coming one)
Lack of expertise(host country)
Lack of natural resources(coming one)
4. International Agents
Agents are often an early step into international marketing. Put
simply, agents are individuals or organizations that are contracted
to your business, and market on your behalf in a particular
country. They rarely take ownership of products, and more
commonly take a commission on goods sold. Agents usually
represent more than one organization. Agents are a low-cost, but
low-control option.
5. Strategic Alliances (SA)
A strategic alliance is a term that describes a whole series of
different relationships between companies that market
internationally. Sometimes the relationships are between
competitors. There are many examples including:
1. Research and Development (R&D) arrangements.
2. Distribution alliances
Essentially, Strategic Alliances are non-equity based agreements i.e.
companies remain independent and separate.
6. Overseas Manufacture or International Sales
Subsidiary
 A business may decide that none of the other options are as viable as actually
owning an overseas manufacturing plant i.e. the organization invests in
plant, machinery and labour in the overseas market. This is also known as
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI). This can be a new-build, or the company
might acquire a current business that has suitable plant etc.
7. Internationalization Stages
 So having considered the key modes of entry into international markets, we
conclude by considering the Stages of Internationalization. Some companies
will never trade overseas and so do not go through a single stage. Others will
start at a later or even final stage. Of course some will go through each stage
as summarized now:
 Indirect exporting or licensing
 Direct exporting via a local distributor
 Your own foreign presences
 Home manufacture, and foreign assembly
 Foreign manufacture
8. The Internet
The Internet is a new channel for some organizations and
the sole channel for a large number of innovative new
organizations. The e Marketing space consists of new
Internet companies that have emerged as the Internet has
developed, as well as those pre-existing companies that now
employ e Marketing approaches as part of their overall
marketing plan. For some companies the Internet is an
additional channel that enhances or replaces their traditional
channel(s). For others the Internet has provided the
opportunity for a new online company
9. Exporting
There are direct and indirect approaches to exporting to other nations.
Direct exporting is straightforward. Essentially the organization
makes a commitment to market overseas on its own behalf. This
gives it greater control over its brand and operations overseas, over
and above indirect exporting.
Whether companies decide to export indirectly or directly, many
companies use exporting as a way to "test the waters" before building
a plant and manufacturing a product overseas.
Approach international marketing
Rachel Miller explains how to approach international marketing and why it is
worth doing
1. Find out if your product will travel. Many UK firms get occasional orders
from overseas - thanks to the reach of the internet. However, should you
actively market your products abroad? Not every product travels well so if
you plan to expand into new territories, find out if your product can be sold
widely without having to be adapted.
2. Research new territories. Your experience and the resources you have built
up in the UK means that you're not starting from scratch. But you need to
know how to leverage them appropriately - and that means researching new
markets and thinking about issues such as logistics, order fulfilment and
customer service.
3. Assess the size of the market. How big is the market for your product in
other countries? You'll have to see how established it is, find out how many
players there are in that sector and how big the customer base could be. Are
there any potential trade barriers or restrictions?
Cont…
4. Adapt your marketing strategy. You may have a product that can easily cross
borders but your marketing strategy will have to be adapted. Local values,
customs, language and currencies will all impact on your marketing plan. Look
at your unique selling points and your branding. Are they right for the new
markets you are targeting?
5. Work with local partners. Working with affiliates, partners, distributors,
licensees or agents can help you get established in a new market. Close
consultation with business partners on the ground will ensure that your
marketing materials have local appeal and don't include any mistakes.
6. Check your prices. Pricing is not just about understanding currency
differences - you need to research price levels in each new territory. Your
overheads may also be higher so ensure that your prices take into account the
cost of freight and transport, packaging and agent's commission.
Cont…
7. Adjust your media mix. The marketing channels you use will vary in
each territory. In some countries, you may rely mostly on social media or
online advertising. In other places, it could be local newspapers, outdoor
advertising or radio.
8. Learn local customs. When it comes to customer service, what works in
one country may not work in another due to cultural differences, language
and health and safety regulations. Levels of formality, business etiquette,
the way you address them - all these are issues that could make or break
your expansion plans.
9. Get the timing right. Timing is everything. In some places, what you sell
may be ahead of its time, in others it could be seen as outdated. Is demand
for your type of product already peaking? Or is it just starting to grow?
10. Exhibit overseas. Taking a stand at trade shows abroad is a good way of
dipping your toe in the water, meeting contacts and making your first
sales in a new market. It's also a chance to see what your competitors are
doing.
 Chapter Three
3. Data analysis, Conclusion and Recommendation
3.1 analysis of the interview related with value chain.
As the sales and logistics department managers said Primary activities are the
activities from the reception of raw materials up to delivery of finished goods
and the secondary activities are supportive for the primary activities. As they
said the primary activities especially inbound and operations add the value to
the company as well as the customers. Generally the values are added when we
move from one process to another and the company primary activities are those
below:
1. Inbound logistics
1. Purchasing of raw material(barley, malt and hop)
2. Loading, transportation and unloading automation

3. Warehousing
4. Material handling
 
Cont…
2. Operational activities/production related activities
 Grinding
 Mixing raw materials with water and making ready for Fermentation
 Bottling and branding
 Labeling and packaging
 Pasteurizing
3. Marketing related activities
 Distributing the products: the Company does not sell directly to bars, liquor
stores, or grocery stores. It is the responsibility of the distributor to establish the
retail relationship. Dashen brewery use different agents found in different places
to distribute its quality beer to the ultimate customers and it sets different
criteria to select the qualified agents. In addition to the agents, the company has
three main warehouses found in three different locations. This includes Gondar
warehouse, Addis Ababa warehouse and Woldia warehouse.
 Promotional activities are activities used to introduce the product or services and
our case company uses almost all types of promotion mixes those are
advertisement, promotion and public relation. In the international market they
did not applied a good promotion because their potential market is local
countries.
 As they said the company does not engage in after sales service because it
produces consumption goods .
 Secondary activities are those of supportive activities
1. Procurement: about the selection of suppliers and the acquisition of raw
materials. In this step the purchasing department selects the potential and
capable suppliers. the company purchases their raw materials from the external
market and from the local farmers.
2. Technology development: currently the factory uses the latest brewery plants
and machines. DBSC uses advanced technologies while designing and
manufacturing new products. The factory has latest equipment that makes its
production modern. Among these equipment: CIP plant-the brewing equipment
is cleaned by 4CIP plants using recovered water, caustic soda, and acid; EBI:
removes products that do not fulfill the standards water treatment plant, C02
recovery plant, Air compressor plant, Cooling plant, Boiler plant, Conveyor;
Casing and uncasing, Crate washer, Bottle washer, Filler, Pasteurizer, Labeler, Keg
plant and others
3. Human resource management:  those are activities related with staffing. They
have two types of employees i.e. temporary/wage based/employees and
permanent employees. Human resource related activities are in light with
Ethiopian civil service rules and regulations. It also uses different motivational
methods to maintain and retain employees. The company has a number of
employees from illiterate to highly trend and educated personnel.
4. Firm infrastructure: they have well constructed organizational structure having
almost all basic functions. And they used different automations in each activity.
 Cont…
3.2. Interviews related with short term opportunities
and threats
As the sales manager said the opportunities, threats and
strategies as follows:
1. The key medium and short term opportunities of DBSC
are holidays
2. There is one major factors detect the utilization of this
opportunities that is the existence of competitors
3. DBSC upgrades its strategies in holidays to exploit short
term opportunities for example discount
4. It also makes integration with different private and
public organizations so as to announce the short term
discounts in the name of the holiday
 Cont…
3.3. Interviews related with holistic marketing
As the sales manager said, the company practices holistic marketing by integrating
all stakeholders.
1. Relationship marketing: DBSC used relationship based marketing with
suppliers and customers so as to minimize the cost of customer acquisition and
supplier selection. The acquisition of both customers and suppliers requires
resources those are personnel (experts in the selection of suppliers and
attraction of buyers), time (most of business buying process needs time
from0.5-1year), money to run the activities and other overheads.
2. Internal marketing: it also uses different motivational method to satisfy and
keep the safety of employees for example: holiday bonuses, holiday based gift,
different allowances…
3. Social marketing: as the manager said DBSC executes the social responsibility
of itself by sponsoring different public programs and producing
environmentally friendly products.
4. Integrated marketing: it also works with different stakeholders by providing
important in formations to them and receiving from them by using different
research and survey for example about the tests and the alcoholic contents of its
product, price, advertisements in relation to cultures and norms.
 Cont…
3.4. Interviews related with international marketing
The sales manager said that, the entry mode of DBSC is exporting (indirect
exporting or through agents). As we have written in our literatures
exporting through agents is an indirect exporting because they do not
take the ownership of the product.
There are two forces that push DBSC to inter in the international market:
1. Government influence: it is mandatory to the manufacturing co. to
participate/ involve in the international market and at least 25% of its
products must be exported to the international market.
2. To compete with its competitors our competitors are not only domestic
brewery factors but also international brewery factories
Cont…

Conclusion of the project

 As Michael porter value chain processes, DBSC`s Primary activities are the
activities from the reception of raw materials up to delivery of finished goods
and the secondary activities are supportive to the primary activities.
 The key medium and short term opportunities of DBSC are holidays. There is
one major factors detect the utilization of this opportunities that is the existence
of competitors. DBSC amends its strategies in holidays to exploit short term
opportunities for example price discount. It also makes integration with different
private and public organizations so as to announce the short term discounts in
the name of the holiday.
 The company practices some of the holistic marketing dimensions by
integrating stakeholders and it does not fully practice societal marketing.
 The entry mode of DBSC is exporting (indirect exporting or through the agents
of the company).
 The gaps in the organization
As we observe the factory, there are many gaps that they should
observe so as to compete in the current international market.
The company selects indirect export method as the only means
to inter in the international market
The company does not execute all the social responsibilities for
example: wastage disposal system affects the community
around it and affects the environment and results the pollution
of air, subterranean water and soil.
As the sales power of the company and the customer’s response
in the last few years shows the company does not exercise
relationship marketing on customers’ side because of many
factors. As we know their participation in social activities, the
company overlooks that their neighbors, the community
around the town and all Ethiopians are their potential
customers .
Recommendation
 In the analysis of the company’s entry mode, its mode of entry is
indirect export but there are other types of entry modes that will make
the company beneficial for example oversea manufacture: this type of
entry mode is the best entry mode for the companies having strong
financial position like DBSC, to exploit local resources, to standardize
their product and to compete with their competitors and in total to
exploit the advantage of international marketing.
 The company did not conduct any powerful advertisement in external
markets that it trades. So if it provides powerful adverts in the external
market it will increase its sales volume.
 As the communities around the factory said and as we observe the
companies waste disposal system it is not environmentally friendly so
it is better to treat its wastes before disposal or use other method like
reusing of wastes in the form of lees. These will create a good
relationship with the communities around it.
 For business organizations participation of the companies in charity
organizations and social activities is more power full than any types of
advertisements within the local market. We recommend the company
to highly involve in social activities to improve their sales and their
good will.