Pet roleum Geology:

From Mat ure Basins t o New Front iers

GEOLOGI MIGAS
Proceedings of the 7th Petroleum Geology Conference
Edited by

2a. Level of Petroleum Investigation

B. A. Vining and S. C. Picke ring

P u b lis h e d b y T h e G e o lo g ic a l S o c ie t y
 SEJARAH
PERKEMBANGAN
MINYAK DAN GAS BUMI
 Pokok Bahasan

Arti Minyak dan Gas Bumi

• Kepentingan Minyak dan Gas Bumi dalam Peradaban
• Keunggulan Minyak dan Gas Bumi sebagai sumber energi
• Kebijakan dalam penggunaan Minyak Bumi sebagai sumber energi
• Ruang lingkup Geologi Minyak Bumi dan Gas Bumi.

Sejarah dan Perkembangan Industri Minyak Bumi di Indonesia

• Sejarah umum dan perkembangan Industri Minyak Bumi di
Indonesia
• Perkembangan metode Eksplorasi Minyak Bumi
  Exploration ------
------- Man hours 
Geophysics
 Development ------ In the petroleum
industry, petroleum
geology is only one
 Production ------ aspect of petroleum
exploration and
Geology Petroleum Engineering
production

First Well Discover Production

Drilled y made begins

------- Time ten of years 

Chemical and
Mechanical
Geophysics Petroleum Geology Petroleum Engineering Engineering Marketing

(Selley, 1998)
All operation subject to legal, political and economic constraints
 Petroleum Geology is branch of geology which study
petroleum in the earth from its generation up to exploitation
SCIENCES
PURE SCIENCES

Physics Chemistry Biology

PURE
GEOLOGY
GEOLOGY

Geophysical
Structural Organic
Exploration Sedimentology Petrography Stratigraphy Paleontology
Geology Geochemistry
& Logging

Carbonates
Carbonates
APPLICATION
APPLICATION

Evaluation of Structural and Porosity and Source rocks and

Sedimentary Stratigraphic trap permeability the generation of
Basins location within reservoir petroleum

The relationship of petroleum geology to the pure science (Selley, 1998)

1st • SEDIMENTARY BASIN

2 nd • PETROLEUM SYSTEM
EXPLORATION
PHASE
3 rd • EXPLORATION PLAY

4 th • PROSPECT

5 th • DELINEATION
DEVELOPMENT
6 th • DEVELOPMENT & PRODUCTION
PHASE

7 th • PRODUCTION
 ECONOMICS
NOT
IMPORTANT

ECONOMICS
VERY
IMPORTANT

Four Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Magoon and Dow (1994)
Sedimentary basins, petroleum systems, plays, and prospect
can be view as separate levels of investigation, all of which
are needed to better understand the genesis and habitat of
hydrocarbons.

Sedimentary basin investigations emphasize the stratigraphic

sequence and structural style of sedimentary rocks.

Petroleum system study describe the genetic relationship

between a pod of active source rock and the resulting oil and
gas accumulations.

Investigation of play describe the present-day geologic

similarity of a series of present-day traps.

Study of prospects describe the individual present-day trap

Exploration Play - Lead - Prospect
Play - A particular combination of
reservoir, seal, source and trap
associated with proven hydrocarbon
accumulations
Lead - a structure which may contain
hydrocarbons
Prospect - a lead which has been fully
evaluated and is ready to drill
 Factor Comparison
in the Four Levels of Petroleum Investigation

Factor Sedimentary Petroleum Play Prospect

Basin System
Investigation Sedimentary Rock Petroleum Traps Trap

Economics None None Essential Essential

Geologic Time Time of deposition Critical Moment Present-day Present-day

Existence Absolute Absolute Conditional Conditional

Cost Very Low Low High Very high

Analysis & Basin System Play Prospect

Modeling

Magoon and Dow (1994)

 Petroleum System Definition
Geologic components and processes necessary to generate and store hydrocarbons, including a
mature source rock, migration pathway, reservoir rock, trap and seal. Appropriate relative timing of
formation of these elements and the processes of generation, migration and accumulation are
necessary for hydrocarbons to accumulate and be preserved. The components and critical timing
relationships of a petroleum system can be displayed in a chart that shows geologic time along the
horizontal axis and the petroleum system elements along the vertical axis. Exploration plays and
prospects are typically developed in basins or regions in which a complete petroleum system has some
likelihood of existing.

Elements Processes
Venezuela Well Evaluation Conference, 1997, p. 1-24.
THANK YOU