COCCUS

LECTURER BY:

SRI CHUSNIATI
* Gram positive:
- Staphylococcus
- Streptococcus
- Diplococcus

*Gram negative:
- Neisseria
 STAPHYLOCOCCUS
* 1881 (Ogston) → Micrococcus
* 1957 (Bergey's manual) → Staphylococcus
* Staphylococcus aureus = golden yellow
albus = colorless
citreus = lemon yellow

-pathogenic : Staphylococcus aureus

- other species : Staphylococcus epidermidis

Staphylococcus intermedius
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
 Staphylococcus aureus
= Staphylococcus pyogenes
Morphology:
Non motile coccus, diameter 0.8-1,0 µm
The cels were presented as a Iregular grape-like
clusters. Gram positive, Spore negative

Culture characteristics:
Aerobic – microaerophilic
optimum temperature 30 - 37o C
optimum pH 7,0 to 7,5
Performance in the agar plates, as follows
smoothy colonies, diameter 2-4 mm.
Apearantly : Growing on agar plate at 24 hour on
370 C with pigment produce. But no pigment
produced in liquid media.
On Blood Agar, have a zone hemolytic

Biochemistry characterized
Catalase, coagulase and phosphatase +. From
glucose, lactose, sucrose, maltose and manitol
were produce acid substance with out gas,
the MR positive, but VP & indol negative
Resistance:
30 minutes during the 60o C
15 minutes at 1% of phenol
10 minutes at HgCl2 (mercury perchloride)
Antigenic structure:
Cel wall (somatic antigen/O antigen) were
available in peptidoglican, theicoic acid,
protein A (precipitinogen)

Types of enzyme :
Catalase, Coagulase, Hyaluronidase, Deoxy
ribonuclease, Phosphatase, Protease, Lipase,
Beta lactamase

Toxin:
Hemolysin, Enterotoxin, Leucosidin, Fibrinolisin
Pathogenicity:
*Horse :  bothriomycosis
Castration  epididimis infectious  (similar as a
infection by Actinomycosis). Gridding procces were
obaine the pure of Staphylococcus

*Dairy cattle → mastitis

*Sheep  “tick pyemia” Ixodes ricinus as a host
carier of Staphylococcus aureus  growth up 
septicaemia/toxaemia

*Dog → pyoderma
*Chicken → synovitis purulenta
*Skin disorient: bruish wound, abces,
furuncle, carbuncle
*Tonsilitis, pharingitis, sinusitis, meningitis,
pneumonia, abces in lung, kidney
*Food poisson: diarhae and vomite (6 hour after
food intake)

Diagnosthic :

Lesia supuratif, faeces, food remain → gram stain

& isolation in NA, MSA, BA → 37o C → colony
Beta haemolytic
Catalase test: hydrogen peroxide
Coagulase test: plasma cavia
Therapy:

After therapy → sensitivity test

Beta lactamase → The beta lactam to be disrupted
by penicilline derivates groups

Drug of choice:
Lincomycin, Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol,
Vancomycin

Local: Nitrofurantoin, Fucidin, Bacitracin

Staphylococcus intermedius
normal flora : skin
hair
ear cavity healthy dog
gingiva
nasopharyngeal → pigeon

doesn't produce pigmen & acetoin

mannitol fermented → slow
coagulase test → positive
 STREPTOCOCCUS
Sherman (1937): Who’s was grouping as follow:
1. Pyogenic → pathogenic grups
2. Viridans → hemolityc alpha
3. Lactic → produced milk lactic acid
4. Enterococcus → similar with Streptococcus
faecalis

Brown: Who’s was grouping at 4 type → lytic

erythrocyte on BA
1. Alpha haemolysis
2. Beta hemolysis
3. Alpha “aksen” haemolysis
4. Gama haemolysis
Rebeca Lancefield → empowering precipitation by
carbohydrate specific (“C”) as antigen

* group A strain virulent to human:

Streptococcus pyogenes
* group B caused mastitis: Streptococcus agalactiae
* group C strain from animal/human : hemolytic
characterized : Streptococcus equisimilis, S. canis,
S. equi
* group D: from milk
* group E: from milk but no infection to animal/human
* group F: tractus respiratorius human
* group G: dog’s respiratoric organ
* group HK: issolated from human respiratorius tract.
but no caused infectious
* group L: from dog genital tract.
* group M: from dog respiratory tract.
* group N: from milk: Streptococcus lactis,
Streptococcus cremris
Base on antigenic type:
* group A protein
* group B polysaccharide
* group C protein
* group D, E, F, and G polysaccharide

Sherman: 2 species from animal could not be

attact to human: S. agalactiae & S. equi
 Streptococcus pyogenes
= S. septicus
= S. hemolyticus
= S. puerperalis

Morphology:
non motile coccus, Ø at ranging 0.5 to 1,0 µm.
The organism grow up by short or
moderately long chains.
Gram positive, spore negative.
Some strains produce a capsule of hyaluronic
acid.
Culture characterized :
Media containing blood, serum or ascites material
* aerobe – microaerophylic
* optimum temperature 37o C
* on the plate agar were see smal colony,
smooth, transparent, watery , dropplet like perform
* beta hemolisis

Resistance:
*Die at 60o C during the 30 minute
* Sensitive to desinfectant:
sulfanilamide, penicilline & bacitracine
Biochemistry characterized:
From glucose, lactose, sucrose & manitol were
acid produce with out gas
catalase, oxidase & indol negative

Toxin produce:
* hemolysin (streptolisin O & streptolisin S)
* leucosidin
* fibrinolisin (streptokinase)
* DNAse (streptodornase)
* hyaluronidase
* protease, amilase, esterase

Antigenic Structure:
Polysaccharide C & protein (M,T, & R)
Pathogenesis:
Tonsilitis, pharyngitis, otitis media, meningitis,
abscess (lung, liver, kidney) → septicaemia

Bacteriologis assessment:
Pharynx swab, pus, salivary, blood, brain liquid
material → film preparat → Gram stain:
Gram positive coccus in pairs or chains.

Smallest colony on Blood Agar (water dropplet

like perform) → beta hemolisis
 Streptococcus zooepidemius
= Strep. pyogenes (strain animal)
= Strep. Genitalium

Toxin produce:
= Strep. Pyogenes strain human,
but not producing fibrinolisin

Patogenesis:
Cervicitis & metritis on horse
Mastitis on cattle
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus dysgalactiae
Streptococcus uberis
Morphology:
Chained coccus
Strep. agalactiae & Strep. dysgalactiae →
long chained
Strep. uberis → short chains

Strep. agalatiae & Strep. dysgalactiae were

determine by CAMP test (Christie, Atkins &
Munch-Peterson)
Pathogenesis:

* Strep. agalactiae → mastitis acute – chronic

* Strep. dysgalactiae → rarrely (10%)
but generaly acute
* Strep. Uberis → mastitis acute – chronic
* Cattle and sheep → glandula mamarica
 Streptococcus equi
= Streptococcus contagiosa equorum

Biochemistry characterized:
Lactose non fermented
Hemolysin positive

Pathogenesis:
strangles/Droes

Distributed:
Contact direct → via oral/inhalant
 Diplococcus pneumoniae
= Pneumococcus
= Streptococcus pneumoniae
= Diplococcus lanceolatus

•
Cause pneumonia at human
•
Normal floura at human mouth cavity
•
Predispose: retaire, anorexia

Morphology:
Oval performance/lancet (1 µm) pairing
Gram positive, capsule positive
Culture characterized:
* Serum or blood esensial → alpha hemolytic
* Optimum temperature 37o C, pH 7,6
* Aerobic – facultative anaerobe, better added by
CO2 5 – 10 %
Biochemistry characterized:
* Fermented carbohydrate → acid
* catalase & oxidase negative

Resistance:
* Die at 52o C during the 15 minute
Phenol, KmnO4 & antiseptic
* Sensitive by sulphonamide, optochin
Antigenic structure:
* nucleoprotein
* capsular antigen: polysaccharide → virulence
* type bacteria with
agglutination, precipitation, & Quellung reaction
Toxin produce :
Haemolisin
Polysacharide (K antigen) → anti phagocyte
Leucosidin → can destroy leucocyte
Pathogenesis:
Pneumonia, sinusitis, otitis media, meningitis,
pleuritis, peritonitis, endocarditis & arthritis
Therapy:
Sulphonamide & penicilline
 Neisseria meningitidis
= Neisseria intracellularis
= Diplococcus meningitidis
= Meningococcus
Morphology:
Silinders perform, pairing, the facing side were flate,
aerobe, Gram negative, size 0,6 – 0,8 µm

Culture characterized:
Medium with serum, blood, ascites material
better added by CO2 5 – 10 %
Non hemolisis
Optimum temperature 37o C, pH 7,4
Biochemistry characterized:
* catalase, oxidase positive
* fermented glucose, maltose → acid with out gas

Resistance:
* 55o C  5 minute → die
* Sensitive by dried, chance of pH and disinfectant
* resistant to streptomycin

Pathogenesis:
For pediatric → meningitis → high mortality
Therapy:
Penicillin G, chloramphenicol
vaccination polysaccharide
 Neisseria gonorrhoeae
= Gonococcus

Morphology:
Silinders pairing, the facing side were concave
(coffee bean), Gram negative

Biochemistry characterized:
fermentate glucose only → acid

Pathogenesis:
* Primary host → human
* Acut pus infectiuous on genital organ
* cystitis, proctitis, pharyngitis, conjunctivitis
Therapy:
Because produced beta lactamase perform, →
tetracycline or erythromycin, trimethoprim-
sulphametoxasol
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