Less Common Nuclear

Procedures
Presented by Saran Zaib khan
Roll number S-1711
1.Diagnostic thyroid studies

These tests include:

 Blood tests = One of the most definitive ways to diagnose a thyroid problem is
through blood tests. Thyroid blood tests are used to tell if your thyroid gland
is functioning properly by measuring the amount of thyroid hormones in your
blood.
 Imaging tests = This allows your provider to look at your thyroid to check for
an increased size, shape or growths (nodules).
Cont.…

 Physical exams =  This is a very simple and painless test where your provider
feels your neck for any growths or enlargement of the thyroid.
2.Hepatobiliary studies

 Hepatobiliary imaging helps evaluate the parts of the biliary system, including
the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts, using small amounts of radioactive
materials called radiotracers that are typically injected into the bloodstream,
inhaled or swallowed.
 The radiotracer travels through the area being examined and gives off energy
in the form of gamma rays which are detected by a special camera and a
computer to create images of the inside of your body.
3.Brain imaging

 the use of various techniques to either directly or indirectly image

the structure, function, or pharmacology of the nervous system. 
 Neuroimaging falls into two broad categories:
 Structural imaging, which deals with the structure of the nervous system and
the diagnosis of gross (large scale) intracranial disease (such as a tumor) and
injury.
 Functional imaging, which is used to diagnose metabolic diseases and lesions
on a finer scale (such as Alzheimer's disease) and also for neurological
and cognitive psychology research and building brain-computer interfaces.
4.Gastrointestinal bleeding studies

 Gastrointestinal bleeding can fall into two broad categories:

 upper and lower sources of bleeding.  The anatomic landmark that separates
upper and lower bleeds is the ligament of Treitz, also known as the
suspensory ligament of the duodenum.  This peritoneal structure suspends the
duodenojejunal flexure from the retroperitoneum. 
 Bleeding that originates above the ligament of Treitz usually presents either
as hematemesis or melena whereas bleeding that originates below most
commonly presents as hematochezia.
5.Lymphoscintigraphy

it is a special type of nuclear medicine imaging that provides special pictures of

the lymphatic system, which transports fluid throughout your immune system
it is often used to identify the sentinel lymph node, or the first node to receive
the lymph drainage from a tumor.
It can also help plan for a biopsy or surgery that will help assess the stage of
cancer.
also helpful in identifying points of blockage in the lymphatic system, such as
lymph flow in an arm or leg, or lymphedema. 
6.Parathyroid scans

 Parathyroid glands are small endocrine glands in the neck that produce
parathyroid hormone. There are four parathyroid glands, which are usually
located behind the thyroid gland and, in rare cases, within the thyroid gland
or in the chest.
 Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in the blood and within the
bones.
 A Parathyroid scan is for localization of hyperparathyroidism or overactive
parathyroid glands.