Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Arun N. Chandorkar
Department of Electrical Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology, Bombay
Powai, Mumbai -400076,India
E-Mail: anc@ee.iitb.ac.in
General characteristics:
– High complexity
– Heterogeneity
_ Of Blocks (Logic, Analog, μC, +DSP, +memory, +software….)
__ Of Technology (logic, +RF, +DRAM, +NVM…)
Time-to-Market
Pressures Abstract
Designer
----------------------
Design Methodologies Increasing Range
---------------------
Tools and Flows
Detail
Shrinking Process
Technologies
Industry’s First
Complete GSM/GPRS
Class solution
• Intel® XScale ™ Core
• Intel® Micro Signal
Architecture
• Intel® On-Chip Flash
Memory
• GSM/GPRS
Communications Stack,
RTOS and applications code
for a single-chip
mobile solution
Specifications:
5 V supply
2 micron CMOS
50 M samples/second
8 bit resolution
0-5 V out
http://wws2.uncc.edu/tpw/mixsig/gilbjt.html
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 7
Gilbert Cell
Gilbert Cell
Specifications:
5 V supply
2 micron BJT
100+ MHz operation
http://wws2.uncc.edu/tpw/mixsig/gilbjt.html
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 8
RF VLSI Design:
Issues and Applications
Gina Colangelo
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 17
Cable Modem Network Overview
Headend: DOCSIS-certified CMTS (Cable Modem Termination System)
One Headend supports @ 2000 Cable Modem Users on a single TV Channel
PC/Ethernet Card
Cable Modem connected to PC via Ethernet, USB, PCI Bus, etc
QAM Demodulator
TUNER
Diplex Analog RF Analog IF Decimate Dig BB
Tunable ADC QAM
Filter LNA VGA LPF to Symbol
Demodulation
BPF Rate
(Internal or
Fixed
External to Variable Freq
Modem) Freq
INTEL
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 21
Media Access Control (MAC)
MAC layer provides general requirements for many
cable modems subscribers to share a single upstream
data channel for transmission:
Communication layer between Cable Modem and
CMTS
Allocates Time-slots for transmission (upstream BW)
Base Band
Mixer 1 Mixer 2 Output
IF1 IF2
LNA Filter Filter
Input 1.2 GHz 36 MHz/44 MHz
500 MHz-
900 MHz
VCO1
VCO2
Parameter Values
Chip Area
3mm X 3mm
LNA Mixer
ADC
Delta Demodulator
Integrator
Delta Modulator
e(n)
Delay-free
- Delaying y(n) n-Level v(n)
+ Delaying
Integrator
c2
+ Integrator c3 Integrator a3
+ Quantizer
a2
c1
-c2
a1
DAC
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 41
RF Systems as products
(Applications)
IC Mixer
VGA
Quad.
0° Gen.
LNA VCO
90°
Mixer VGA
Gm
Topology
• DC offset
VGA I
cancellation loop
0°
• 0.18m CMOS LNA 2 VCO
Technology
90°
• Double Frequency VGA Q
VCO
• Second-Harmonic
Gm
Injection Locking
Dividers Servo-loop around the VGA implements a 3kHz
high pass filter
June 8, 2020 IIT Bombay 44
Performance Summary
NF 4.2dB * 5.6dB ** VGA LNA
I&Q DIV 9,5% 24%
IIP3 out-of-band -2dBm 19%
Power 38mW
Active Area 16mm2
Power consumption
Technology 0.18m 6M breakdown
CMOS
20 LO_Q
- divide
by 2
2.0
1.8 /0≈42%
1.6
Otput Amplitude, [V]
1.4
1.2
1.0 VDC
0.8 IDC
0.6
0.4
0.2
Fully balanced
Increasing IDC
0.0 multiplier suppress
1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 the DC current
Output Frequency, [GHz]
Ultimate
1 2 3 4 5 6 f [GHz] solution: Zero-IF
fully integrated
n
Analog BB ADC Multistandard RX
Switch
plexer LNA I Q
& SAW n
Analog BB ADC
IC
Applications:
Multi
• Cellular (DCS1800) Standard
• Data (IEEE802.11b/g) Receiver
• Mixed voice/data (UMTS)
IEEE802.11b
DCS1800 UMTS
/g
Gain (high / low)
28.5 / 13.5 29.5 / 14.5 23.5 / 8.5
[dB]
NF [dB] 5.2 5.6 5.8
IIP2 [dBm] 50 51 54