Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Contents
1. General
2. Role of various organisations and their linkages
3. Planning code for Inter State Transmission
4. Connection Code
5. Operating Code
6. Scheduling and Despatch Code
7. Miscellaneous
2
1. General
Introduction
IEGC
Rules
Guideline
s
Standards
for
Utilities ISTS
RLDC
Report
Repeated
Violation/
Persistent
suo-motto CERC
Non
Compliance Action
RPC Consensus
Report issues
not sorted
5
Compliance Oversight (1.5)
Non Compliance
by
NLDC, Report CERC
RLDC, by any
SLDC, person Action
RPC through
or any other person petition
6
2. Role of
Various Organizations and their
linkages
NLDC, RLDC, RPC, CTU, CEA,
SLDC & STU
Role of NLDC (2.2)
NLDC
• Economy and Efficiency of National Grid
• Monitoring of operations and grid security of National Grid
• Restoration of synchronous operation of National Grid
• Trans-national exchange of power
• Feedback to CEA & CTU for national Grid Planning
• Dissemination of information
• Levy and collection of fee and charges - CERC
• Disse Supervision Coordinate
Accounting
8
Role of RLDC (2.3)
RLDC
9
Role of RLDC (2.3)
RLDC
Apex body Functions
•optimum scheduling
for
and despatch of
integrate electricity
d Comply Directions •Monitor grid operation
operation the •Keep accounts of
directions SLDC electricity transmitted
• Exercise Supervision
and control over
Central State the ISTS
For ST • Licensee • Real time operations
Open
• Generating company
Access-
• Generating station / Sub-
Nodal
Agency stations
• any other concerned person 10
Role of RPC (2.4 )
RPC
• Facilitate the stable and smooth operations of the system
• Functions:
– regional level operation analysis
– facilitate inter-state/inter-regional transfer of power
– facilitate planning of inter-state/intrastate transmission system
– coordinate maintenance of generating units
– coordinate maintenance of transmission system
– protection studies
– Planning for maintaining proper voltages
– Consensus on issues related to economy and efficiency
CEA
(Central Electricity Authority)
Directions
State RLDC
14
Role of STU (2.8)
STU
• to undertake
transmission of Planning shall operate
electricity through
intra-state transmission
system SLDC
• to ensure development
of an efficient, co-
ordinated and
economical intra-state CTU
transmission system State Govt.
Intra-state transmission system
RPC Generating
STU/to provide non-discriminatory Open Access Companies
Licensees
CEA
15
Role of STU (2.8)
STU
• CTU
•State Government
Intra-state transmission system •Generartors
•RPCs
•CEA
•Licencees
16
3. Planning Code for
Inter-state Transmission
• Introduction
• Objective
• Scope
• Planning Philosophy
• Planning Criterion
• Planning Data
• Implementation of Transmission Plan
Introduction
Transmission schemes
Transmission schemes for planning and
for planning and coordination
coordination CEA
18
Scope of planning code (3.3)
ISTS
SEBs
IPP
STU Objective
Licensees
• specify principles,
Generation/Transmission of • specify procedures
energy to/from ISTS •specify criteria
•promote coordination19
•information exchange
Planning Philosophy (3.4)
Long-term plan (10-15 years) Annual plan (5 year forward term)
CEA CTU
• inter/intra state transmission system • Identification of major
inter state/regional lines including
• continuously updated to reflect system strengthening schemes
load projections and generation scenarios • Planning schemes shall also consider:
CEA’s:
• NEP Long-term perspective plan
• Avoid congestion Electric Power Survey of India report
Transmission Planning Criteria and
guidelines
RPC Feedback
NLDC/RLDC/SLDC feedback
CERC Regulations
Renewable capacity addition (MNRES)
20
Planning philosophy (contd...)
• System strengthening schemes by CTU:
– shall be done in consultation with CEA’s
Standing Committee for Transmission System Planning:
• Planning
– On the basis of PPA
– No PPA/ no consensus – CTU may approach CERC in
accordance with CERC (Grant of Regulatory approval
for Capital Investment to CTU for execution of ISTS)
• Planning data:
– submission by STUs/Users to CTU:
21
Planning philosophy (contd...)
• Voltage management by:
– capacitors, reactors, SVC and FACTs
– similar exercise by STU
• STU shall plan to evacuate power from ISTS
• ISTS & intra-state transmission systems are
complementary & interdependent
• If LTA Applications require strengthening of
intra-state transmission system – applicant shall
coordinate with STU
22
Planning Criterion (3.5)
Planning criterion ISTS’s security philosophyCEA guidelines
25
Planning Data & Implementation
• Planning Data (3.6)
– As per CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA
in ISTS and related matters) Regulations 2009
• Implementation of Transmission Plan (3.7)
– Actual program of implementation of transmission
lines, ICTs, reactors/capacitors and other transmission
elements as per CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA
and MTOA in ISTS and related matters) Regulations
2009
26
4. Connection Code
OBJECTIVE
Comply with Minimum • Ensure the safe operation,
CEA( Technical technical & integrity and reliability of the
Standards for grid
connectivity to
design criteria •Non-discriminatory
•New/modified connection not
the Grid) 2007
suffer or impose unacceptable
SCOPE effects
•In advance knowledge about
CTU Connectivity
STU
ISTS
28
4.5 Connection Agreement
––Connection
Connectionagreement
agreementwould
would
be
besigned
signedby
bythe
theapplicant
applicant in
in
accordance
accordancewith
withCERC
CERC(Grant
(Grant
of
ofConnectivity,
Connectivity,LTA
LTAand
and
MTOA
MTOAin inISTS
ISTSand
andrelated
related
matters)
matters)Regulations
Regulations2009
2009
29
Reactive Power Compensation 4.6.1
30
Data and Communication Facilities (4.6.2)
– reliable and efficient speech and
communication system to be provided
– Users/STU/CTU shall provide systems to
telemeter power system parameters
• Flow
• Voltage
• Status of switches
• Status of transformer taps
– Associated communication system to facilitate
data flow up to appropriate data collection point
on CTU’s system as specified by CTU in the
Connection Agreement
31
System Recording Instruments (4.6.3)
– Data Acquisition System/Disturbance
Recorder/Event Logging facilties/Fault Locator
(including time synchronization equipment )
shall be provided and always kept in working
condition
Responsibility for safety (4.6.4)
– CEA (Technical Standards for connectivity to the Grid),
Regulations 2007
– CERC (Grant of Connectivity, LTA and MTOA in ISTS
and related matters) Regulations 2009
– CEA (Safety Requirements for construction, operation
and maintenance of electrical and electric lines)
Regulations, 2008 32
International Connections to ISTS (4.7)
– By CTU in consultation with CEA and MOP
34
Operating philosophy (5.1)
• objective of the integrated operation:
– enhance overall operational reliability and economy
– Cooperate and adopt Good Utility Practice
• NLDC:
– overall operation of National/Inter-Regional Grid
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for national grid
• RLDC:
– overall operation of Regional Grid
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for regional grid
35
Operating philosophy (5.1)
• SLDC:
– develop/maintain detailed internal operating procedures
for State grid
• All licensee, generating company, generating
station and any other concerned person:
– comply with directions of RLDC/SLDC
e) round-the clock manning by qualified and trained
personnel of:
– control rooms of NLDC, RLDC, SLDC, Power Plant,
Sub Stations (132 kV & above)
– control centres of all regional constituents
36
System Security Aspects (5.2)
• Synchronism:
– all Users, CTU & STU
– operate their power systems/stations in an integrated
manner
• No deliberate isolation of part of the grid:
– except under emergency
– safety of human/equipment
– when instructed by RLDC
– restoration to be supervised by RLDC in coordination
with NLDC/SLDC
37
System Security Aspects (5.2)
• Important elements list at RLDC:
– not removed without RLDC’s consent or prior consent
– when specifically instructed
– list of important elements to be prepared and shall be
put on website of NLDC/RLDC/SLDC
– emergency removal intimated to RLDC
– tripping, reason, likely time of restoration intimated to
RLDC say within 10 minutes
– Important elements tripping to be informed to NLDC
by RLDC
– Prolonged outage ------ sub-optimal operation----
monitored by RLDC------report to RPC-------- finalise
action plan for restoration
38
Restricted Governor Action (5.2(f))
• Thermal generating > 200 MW and hydro units > 10
MW on RGMO wef 01.08.2010
• Gas Units, Combined Cycle, wind, solar & nuclear
exempted till CERC reviews
• When frequency stabilise at 50.0 Hz FGMO would be
intoduced
• RGMO
– For Frequency < 50.2 Hz no reduction in generation when frequency
rises
– Any fall in frequency generation should increase by 5% limited to 105%
of MCR (thermal), 110% MCR (Hydro)
– After increase in generation, the unit mey ramp back to original level at
a rate of 1% per minute
– At Frequency < 49.7 Hz ramp up could be at higher rate
– governors: 3% - 6% droop
– any exception: reason & duration to RLDC
39
System Security Aspects 5.2 (s)
Daily Inform to
/Weekly RLDC/
/Monthly RPC
Wind
Energy
Forecast
Demand Estimation –
ATC/
Active and reactive TTC
power
on-line estimation
for daily operationa historical data
l use and weather forecast
42
Demand Management(5.4.2(e)(f)(g)(h))
• Interruptible load in four groups:
• Scheduled load shedding/power cuts
• Unscheduled load shedding
• UFR/df/dt loads
• SPS loads
• RLDC may direct to decrease drawal in contingency---SLDCto send
compliance report
• SLDC may direct SEB/Discom/bulk consumer to curtail drawal and
monitor
• RLDC shall devise standard, instantaneous, message formats
• Congestion – requisite load shedding or generation backing down .
Implementation as per CERC ( Measures to relieve congestion in real
time operation), Regulations, 2009
43
Periodic Reports (5.5)
44
Operational Liaison (5.6)
• Introduction
a) requirements for the exchange of information in
relation to Operations/Events on the total grid system
which have had or will have an effect on:
• National grid
• the regional grid
• the ISTS in the region
• the system of a User/STU
(the above generally relates to notifying of what is expected to
happen or has happened and not the reasons why)
b) Operational liaison function is a mandatory built-in
hierarchical function of the NLDC/RLDC/SLDC/Users
to facilitate quick transfer of information to operational
staff
45
Procedure for Operational Liaison
• Procedure for Operational Liaison
a) Operations and event on the regional grid
• before carrying out any operation, RLDC will inform User/SLDC/CTU whose
system will be affected
• immediately following an event, RLDC will inform the User/SLDC/CTU with
details of what happened but not the reasons why
• RLDC to NLDC if other region is going to be affected
• immediately following an event, NLDC would keep all RLDCs informed
b) Operations and events on a User/STU system
• before carrying out any operation that will affect regional grid, constituent
shall inform RLDC with details
• RLDC to NLDC if other region is going to be affected
• immediately following an event, the User/SLDC shall inform RLDC with
details but not the reasons why
• immediately following an event, NLDC would keep all RLDCs informed
• Prolonged Forced outages – monitored at RPC level. RPC shall send a
monthly report to CERC
46
Outage Planning (5.7)
Introduction
a) procedures for preparation of outage schedules for the
elements of the National/Regional in a coordinated and
optimal manner and the balance of generation and demand
b) generation output and transmission system should be
adequate after taking outages into account to achieve
security standards
c) annual outage plan for the financial year shall be prepared
by RPC Secretariat and reviewed during the quaterly and
monthly basis. ROR, wind & solar power to be extracted to
maximum
47
Outage Planning Process
48
Outage Planning (5.7.4)
• In consultation with NLDC/RLDC
• In Emergency – RLDCs may conduct studies before clearance
• NLDC/RLDC are authorized to defer
- grid disturbance
- system isolation
- partial black out in a state
- any other critical event
• Latest detailed outage plan – updated
• Each user, CTU and STU shall obtain one final approval from
RLDC
• RPC shall submit quarterly, half yearly reports to CERC
indicating deviations
49
Recovery Procedures (5.8)
52
Reportable events (5.9.5)
i Violation of security Standards
ii Grid indiscipline
iii Non-Compliance of RLDC’s instruction
iv System islanding/ system split
v Regional black out/partial system black
out
vi Protection failure
vii Power system instability
viii Tripping of any element
ix Sudden load Reduction 53
Reporting Procedure
NLDC
weekly written report
of events
Users/STU/
RLDC CTU/SLDC
written report
of events
• Form of written reports:
55
OBJECTIVE
•Procedure for submission of Capability declaration
•Procedure for submission of requistion/ drawal schedule by regional entities
•Real time despatch/drawal instructions
•Rescheduling
• Commercial arrangement for UI/Reactive
• Scheduling of wind/solar on 3 hourly basis
•Appropriate Metering
SCOPE
Discoms Power
Exchanges ISGS
Schedul
Scheduling
RLD ing of
of GS GS
connected C
both to
connect
ISTS and ed to
state grid ISTS
and home
state is less
then 50%
Scheduling of UMPP
57
Demarcation of responsibilities (6.4.4)
SLDC
Scheduling
Permitting drawal from
Open Access ISGS
SLDC
Regulating
net drawal
Scheduling and
6.4.8 Demand despatching
Estimation in Demand
coordination with Regulation
STU/Discoms 58
Demarcation of responsibilities (6.4.6/7)
60
Declare DC 6.4.9 Role of ISGS/ DC during
Faithfully
Penalty : Capacity Generating Station Peak Hours
Charges reduced > Other
Planned Outages Hours
OCC of RPC
When F<49.7 ,
When maximize generation
F>50.2 ,
backdown
generation ISGS
Deviation
from
Schedule
Generate as per Proper UI
despatch schedule Operation
advised to them and
61
by RLDC Maintenance
Role of CTU
Weekly Install
Readings CTU SEMs
Constituents
where
SEMs
are CEA (Installation and operation of
located Meters ) Regulations 62
Demarcation of responsibilities
Role of RLDC
Periodically review UI
Report
RLD 15 min
C drawal
MS RPC and
injection
Gaming by ISGS
64
Scheduling of Role of NLDC
Inter-Regional
Power Exchanges HVDC
Settings
Trans-National
Exhange of
Power NLDC
Scheduling on
Inter Regional
Links .
Collective
Transaction Energy
Scheduling accounting
on IR Links-
65
with RLDC
Scheduling & Despatch Procedure (6.5)
• List of ISGSs and beneficiaries
– all ISGS whose output is shared by more than state
shall be listed on RLDC and SLDC websites
– the station capacities and allocated/contracted shares
of different beneficiaries shall also be listed out
• State’ entitlement:
– Thermal ISGS:
(foreseen ex-power plant MW capability for the day) X
(state’s share in the station’s capacity)
– Hydro ISGS:
(MWH generation capacity for the day) X
(state’s share in the station’s capacity)
66
Preparing final schedule
ISGS
station-wise revision final Despatch
MW/MWH Despatch Despatch schedule
capability schedule schedule starts
RLDC
12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 1
AM noon PM
station-wise W/MWH
entitlement revision Drawal
required net final schedule
Drawal Drawal Drawal starts
schedule schedule schedule
SLDC
67
Scheduling of Collective Transaction 6.5.5
Power
Exchanges 3. Check for Congestion
1. List of , reworked as per CERC
Interfaces, directive
Control areas 2. Interchanges on
Interfaces, Control
areas
NLDC
4.
Consultation
6.
Individual
Transactions
SLDC 7. Schedule
individual
RLDC
transaction
5.Schedule
at respective 68
periphery
Revision of schedules during the day
• any State may revise:
– drawal schedule from any/all ISGS within their entitlementsto be
effective from 6h time block)
• an ISGS may revise:
– capability on account of forced outage. (to be effective from 4th
time block)
– Revision (to be effective from 6h time block)
• RLDC can revise:
– In the interest of better system operation (to be effective from 4th
time block)
– Shall formulate procedure for meeting contingency
69
Other Contingencies
• In the event of bottleneck in evacuation of power,
RLDC may revise the schedules which will be
effective from 4th time block and for 1-3 time
blocks schedules would deemed to have been
replaced by actual.
• Similarly for entire period of grid disturbance,
schedules will be replaced by actual
• No revision – if change in previous
schedule/capability is less than 2%.
70
Other Contingencies
71
Final schedule & Documentation
• RLDC’s final implemented schedule:
– shall be the datum for commercial accounting
– shall be open for 5 days for verification/correction
• RLDC shall properly document the following:
– station-wise foreseen ex-power plant capabilities
advised by the generating stations
– the drawal schedules advised by beneficiaries
– all schedules issued by RLDC
– all revisions/updating of the schedules
72
Reactive Power & Voltage Control (6.6)
• VAR Charges under Low
• VAR Charges under High
Voltage
voltage
73
VAR charges settlement
• No VAR charges for its own lines emanating directly from ISGS
74
Annexure-1 (6.1 d)
Complementary Commercial Mechanisms
75
Generation Cost
76
Weekly bills & penalty (12, 13, 14)
UI
UI bills UI payment Settlement
RLDC System
Constituents
RPC VAR bills VAR payment Pool
Account
monthly payment
status