Tectono-metamorphic evolution

during Asian continental growth

Osanai, Y., Kyushu University

2015 MUST Special lecture

 Multiple continental collision in Asia
Asian continental collision zones:
(1) Siberia/Kazakhstan-Mongolia
(2) Kazakhstan-Mongolia/
Tarim-North China
(3) Tarim-North China/South China
(4) South China/Indochina
(5) Indochina (Inthanon)/Sibumasu
(6) Sibumasu (W-Burma)/India
Micro-continent collision in Asia
started from Cambrian juxtapose to
the Siberian Craton, forwarded to the
South continuously, and finalized at
Eocene by the Indian sub-continent
collision.
Collision boundaries in SE-Asia
were compressed and tapers off at
the Sanjiang region (Yunan) by the
final collision of Indian Sub-continent
at Eocene.

To realizing a tectono-metamorphic evolution process during Asian continental growth

❖Geochemical analyses for the collision zone metamorphic/igneous rocks to understand the protoliths and
their tectonic back ground
❖Detailed analyses of metamorphic P-T-t evolution for understanding the collision tectonics
❖Geochronological analyses for metamorphic and plutonic rocks
 From
Asian
Inferred tectonic profile of Asian Continent
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 Distribution of micro-continents
and
collision zone metamorphic rocks
in SE- Asia

Micro-continents
South China Block
Indochina Block
Shan-Thai Block
Sibumasu Block
Collision zone metamorphic rocks
[South China / Indochina]:
Trans Vietnam Orogenic Belt
1. Red River - Ailaoshan shear zone
2. Song Ma suture zone
3. Truong Song fold belt
4. Kontum massif
5. Cangshan area
[Indochina / Shan-Thai (Inthanon) ]
6. Lancang-Simao area
7. Rayong area
[Shan-Thai (Inthanon)/Sibumasu]
8. Nujiang-Kachin-Shan
9. Inthanon/Hua Hin
Representative metamorphic rocks from TVOB

Opx-Sil-Qtz: UHT Grt-Cpx-Qtz: UHP Grt-Omp-Qtz: LT/HP

Opx-Crd symp.: UHT Hyper Silisic Cpx: UHP Grt-Cpx-Opx-Qtz: HT/HP

Grt-Crn-Sil-Qtz: UHT
Spr-Crn: UHT Dia in Zrn: UHP
 Metamorphic ages of TVOB
Fig. 6. Chemical zoning profile of garnet (a) and chemical variation of phengite in terms of XS i and XM in garnet–chloritoid–phengite
Representative Mnz EMP-dating of the Kontum area chemical zonation (a). Representative
N ote that chloritoid inclusionsMnz EMP-dating of g
schist. The garnet shows a prograde are observed only in the high-grossular,
high-spessartine and low-pyrope core-to-mantle portion.
the Song Ma zone

Fig. 7. Chemical ages of monazite with a 2r

uncertainty. Weighted average of ages and
their 95% confidence intervals are shown as
thick and dotted black lines, respectively.

metamorphic assemblage was garnet + omphaciteRepresentative

+ ZrntheLA-ICP-MS-dating
25 vol.% ) within of
P –T space (F ig. 9b). Considering
phengite + quartz + rutile + H 2 O (F ig. 8).the Kontum
M inor area features of the barroisitic amphibole
the chemical
epidote in the matrix of some eclogite samples is (mostly XN a = 0.35–0.45) and plagioclase (Ab 8 2 – 9 3 ),
probably a metastable phase at the peak-metamorphic as well as the petrographic characteristics mentioned
condition. The small amount of aegirine component above, the eclogite decompressed to the amphibole-
and the presence of epidote inclusions in omphacite free and plagioclase-bearing field where albite-rich
also suggest that most epidote was consumed during plagioclase (higher than Ab 8 0 ) was formed (F ig. 9b).
the growth of omphacite. As mentioned above, most Subsequently, barroisite (XN a = 0.35–0.45) developed
omphacite in both the matrix and barroisitic amphi- widely in the matrix during cooling (F ig. 9b). This also
bole is surrounded by N a-poor omphacite and N a-rich suggests that the maximum temperature achieved was
plagioclase [R eaction (1)] (F ig. 2b,d), indicating higher than 750 °C at 1.7 G Pa (F ig. 9b).
decompression to the plagioclase stability field and The eclogite contains highly retrogressed domains in
subsequent overprint of barroisitic amphibole. In which a diopside + tremolite + plagioclase symplec-
order to consider the decompression stage, the volume tite is common (F ig. 2e). We conclude that the sym-
proportion of amphibole was calculated, which indi- plectite was mostly produced from omphacite, because
cates that amphibole increased significantly (from 0 to omphacite is not observed in these domains. Small
(Nakano et al., 2013)
Ó 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd
 P-T-t evolution of metamorphic rocks from TVOB

Primary Granitic activity: ca. 450Ma

Kontum
・normal progressive metamorphism up to
amphibolite-facies along the continental
geotherm in the fragment of Gondwana (?)
Compression by collision: 300-270Ma
・rapid compression and slightly heating by
continent collision
Collision Geotherm: ca. 270Ma
・high-P/T geotherm by collision: UHP
metamorphism (reach up to Dia-field)
Secondary Geotherm: ca. 250-260Ma
・very high-T/P geotherm by upwelling of
asthenosphere after collision : UHT
metamorphism
Uplifting and cooling: 245-230Ma
Active shearing: ca. 30Ma
・shearing and deformation along active
falut/shear zone caused by collision of
Indian sub-continent: low-grade mylonite
Ages are determined by

・SHRIMP (Zrn) 　・ LA-ICP-MS (Zrn) ・CHIME (Mnz)

・Sm-Nd isochron
・Rb-Sr internal isochron 　・ K-Ar mineral
 Simplified tectonic model for the distribution
of metamorphic rocks in TVOB
(1) Pre 250 Ma: South China block and Indochina
block were separated

(2) c. 250 Ma: continental collision of South China

and Indochina blocks with forming collision
zone metamorphic rocks (Trans Vietnam
Orogenic Belt)

(3) c. 210 Ma ~: thrust-up movement caused by

continuous compression through the micro-
continent collisions in SE-Asia.

Stacked thrust-up crustal piles indicate different

crustal position in each metamorphic area of
TVOB.
・ Cangshan, Red River and Song Ma areas: mostly
upper crustal low-grade metamorphic rocks, but
part of crustal stacks indicate HP-granulite and
eclogite-facies.
・ Truongson area: very low-grade to unmetamor-
phosed sediments
・ Kontum area: mostly middle to lower crustal high-
grade metamorphic rocks including UHT-granulite
and UHP-eclogite.
(Yonemura et al., 2013)
Geological map of W-Mongolia

Hanhohiynn Nuruu
target: PR1 metamorphic rocks
<500 Ma>
Bayanhongol-Baydrag area
target: PR1 metamorphic rocks
<500 Ma>
Uyenchi-Bodonchi area
target: PR1 metamorphic rocks
<350-270 Ma>
Chandmani-Tseel area
target: PR1 metamorphic rocks
<350-270 Ma>
PR1=PALEOPROTEROZOIC
 Representative metamorphic rocks from W-Mongolia
Mongol Altai Lake zone Lake zone

Mongol Altai Lake zone Lake zone

Mongol Altai area: counter clockwise metamorphic evolution (Sil → Ky)

Lake Zone areas: clockwise metamorphic evolution (Ky → Sil)
Representative EMP-dating from Western Mongolia
Metamorphic
rocks

Lake zone:
500 Ma
Mongol Altai:
350 Ma/270 Ma

Granitic rocks

Lake zone:
500 Ma
Mongol Altai:
260-250 Ma
 Representative metamorphic ages of Mongol Altai

LA-ICP-MS Zrn U-Pb age Mnz EMP-dating

 Metamorphic ages of Mongol Altai

Grt-Ky-Bt-Chl-Ms g ne is s M a fic in t r u s io n
358±58 Ma in Grt G r a n it ic in t r u s io n
Grt-Ky-S t-Bt-Chl-Ms g ne is s Grt-Ky-Bt-Ms g ne is s 247±11 Ma in matrix M e ta m o r p h ic r o c k s
373±19 Ma in Grt 362±21 Ma in Grt Grt-Bt-Ms -Chl s c his t S e d im e n t a r y s t r a t a
266±9 Ma in matrix 353±8 Ma in matrix 253±43 Ma in Grt Q u a te rn a ry – N e o g e n e
Grt-Bt-Ms g ne is s 250±10 Ma in matrix C a r b o n if e r o u s – D e v o n ia n
Grt-Bt-Ms s c his t 264±7 Ma Grt-Ky-S t-Bt-Chl-Ms g ne is s S ilu r ia n
Grt-Ky-S t-Bt s c his t O r d o v ic ia n
351±16 Ma 231±7 Ma 284±9 Ma C a m b r ia n
Grt-S il-Bt-Ms g ne is s
361±35 Ma in Grt Grt-S il-Bt-Ms g ne is s
257±22 Ma in Grt 337±24 Ma in Grt
S t-S il-Bt-Ms g ne is s Grt-Ky-S t-Chl ro c k
358±12 Ma in matrix c o re 342 ± 8 Ma in matrix c o re
341±9 Ma 256±45 Ma in Grt
263±8 Ma in matrix rim 263±13 Ma in matrix rim
248±9 Ma in matrix
Grt-S il-S t-Bt-Ms g ne is s Bt s c his t
Bt g ne is s Grt-Ky-S t-Bt-Chl ro c k
324±40 Ma in Grt 241±64 Ma Grt-S il-Bt-Ms g ne is s
371±9 Ma 241±9 Ma in Grt
251±6 Ma in matrix 259±7 Ma
Grt-Bt-Ms g ne is s 233±10 Ma in matrix
Grt-Bt g ne is s 234±13 Ma in Grt
255±9 Ma Grt-S il-S t-Bt-Chl g ne is s
242±7 Ma in matrix 256±17 in Grt
Grt-Bt-Ms -Chl g ne is s 245±7 Ma in matrix
256±9 Ma
Grt-Oam-Crd-Ky-S t-Bt-Chl g ne is s
356±8 Ma in Grt 356 Ma fro m Zrn
346±9 Ma in Oam 275 Ma fro m Mnz Grt-S il-Bt g ne is s
349±14 Ma in matrix (o lde r) N a k a n o e t a l. ( 2 0 1 4 ) 251±16 Ma in Grt
270±14 Ma in matrix (yo ung e r) 242±8 Ma in matrix

Grt-Crd-S il-S t-Bt-Chl g ne is s Grt-S il-Bt g ne is s

350±14 Ma in matrix (o lde r) 322±34 Ma in Grt
260±11 Ma in matrix (yo ung e r) 245±8 Ma in matrix
Grt-Crd-Ky-S t-Bt-Chl g ne is s Grt-Crd-S il-S t-Bt-Chl g ne is s Grt-S il-Bt g ne is s
345±7 Ma in Grt 100 km 251±24 in Grt 338±23 Ma in Grt
268±10 Ma in Grt 249±7 Ma in matrix 258±6 Ma in matrix
263±7 Ma in matrix
(Nakano et al., 2014)
Metamorphic Evolution of Collision zones
 > 500 Ma c. 500 Ma 460-440 Ma 350-300 Ma c. 270 Ma c. 250 Ma c. 230 Ma c. 210 Ma
Siberia HT me tamorphis m Granite Ac tivity

Siberia/Mongol-Kazakhstan Subduc tion Subduc tion-Collis on Collis ion Granite doming

<Sayan Orogen> Ac c re tion Ac c re tion Granite ac tivity Me tamorphis m
Me tamorphis m

Mongol-Kazakhstan Composite Granite Ac tivity Granite Ac tivity

HT me tamorphis m
Mongol-Kazakhstan/North Subduc tion Subduc tion Collis ion Collis ion
China-Tarim Ac c re tion Ac c re tion Me tamorphis m Me tamorphis m
Partial me lting
<Altai Orogen>

North China-Tarim Granite Ac tivity Granite Ac tivity

HT me tamorphis m HT me tamorphis m
North China-Tarim/South China Subduc tion Subduc tion Subduc tion Collis ion Collis ion
<Qinling Orogen> Ac c re tion Ac c re tion LT-HP me tamorphis m Partial me lting UHP me tamorphis m
UHT me tamorphis m

South China Granite Ac tivity Granite Ac tivity Granite Ac tivity Komatiitic bas alt
HT me tamorphis m
South China/Indochina Subduc tion Subduc tion Collis ion Collis ion
<Trans Vietnam Orogen> Ac c re tion Arc magmatis m Partial me lting UHT me tamorphis m
UHP me tamorphis m Partial me lting

Indochina Granite Ac tivity Slub bre ak-off

HT me tamorphis m
Indochina/Inthanon Subduc tion Subduc tion Subduc tion Subduc tion Collis ion Collis ion
<Sukhotai Orogen> Ac c re tion Ac c re tion Ac c re tion Arc magmatis m Partial me lting Me tamorphis m
HP me tamorphis m

Inthanon Granite Ac tivity Granite Ac tivity

Inthanon/Sibumasu Subduc tion Collis ion Collis ion

<Inthanon Orogen> Ac c re tion Partial me lting Partial me lting
Me tamorphis m

Sibumasu Subduc tion Subduc tion

Arc magmatis m Arc magmatis m
 North – South convergent subduction/collision

Protolith of HP-metamorphic rocks

450Ma granite/gabbro and

420Ma HT-type metamorphism

350Ma adakitic granite

HP-type metamorphism
Sukhothai Arc

250Ma granite
 Lake zone Baydrag zone

Newly determined EMP Mnz

U-Th-Pb dating from Bayanhongol
 Ms St
Pl

mm Representative
Bt
1 mm metamorphic ages of Mongol Altai
Grt-Ky-Bt gneiss
(e)
Grt
Ms
Lake zone Lake zone
Ky
Bt Ky

Grt Chl

St

1 mm
Grt-Sil-Bt gneiss
(g)
(a) (b)
Grt
Bt

St
Ky
Lake zone St Lake zone
Ms
S il Pl
Grt

Bt
mm 0.5
0.5 mm
mm 1 mm
(c)
Grt-Crd-Bt gneiss (d)
(a) St (e)
(b) Ms
Ky
Grt
St Qtz
Ky
Anth
Ky
Crd S t Bt
Bt
Ms

St Grt
St Chl
Ky Ky+S t+Chl+Qtz
GrtGrt Ky St
Fig. 8d
Qtz Crd
100 µm 25 µm 1 mm
1 mm 1 mm
(f)
(c) (g)
(d)
 P-T-t path of Altai orogen
collision (juxtaposition) at c. 280 Ma

subducted crustal slab

obducted crustal slab

21 世紀プログラム・講義３
Multiple collision zone metamorphism in Asia
Asian continental collision zones:
(1) Siberia/Kazakhstan-Mongolia
(2) Kazakhstan-Mongolia/
Tarim-North China
(3) Tarim-North China/South China
(4) South China/Indochina
(5) Indochina/Sibumasu
(6) Sibumasu/India
Micro-continent collision in Asia
started from Cambrian against to the
Siberian Craton, forwarded to the
South continuously, and finalized at
Eocene by the Indian sub-continent
collision.
Collision boundaries in SE-Asia
were compressed and tapers off at
the Sanjiang region (Yunan) by the
final collision of Indian Sub-continent
at Eocene.
Pre-Permian basement rocks in
Japan also have strong correlation
with continental collision zone
metamorphic rocks
Simplified geologic map of Kontum Massif

(tradissional ▷ recent)

Subdivision
Kannak Complex
○ main metamorphic age
Archean ▷ Permo-Triassic

○ max. metamorphic grade

granulite ▷ granulite-UHT

Ngoc Linh Complex

Proterozoic ▷ Permo-Triassic

amphibolite ▷ UHP/UHT~
granulite

Kham Duc Complex

Lower Paleozoic ▷
Permo-Triassic

greenschist / blueschist ▷
LP-eclogite / HT-amphibolite
Modes of occurrence of high-grade metamorphic
rocks from the Kontum Massif
Well layerd gneisses knotty Grt-Opx-Sil-Crd gneiss: Grt-Crd-Sil-Bt gneiss:
Kannak Complex Kannak Complex

Calc-silicate gneiss: layered pelitic gneisses: UHO eclogite in pelitic gneiss:

Kannak Complex Ngoc Linh Complex Ngoc Linh Complex
Protolith of mafic metamorphic rocks in TVOB and
schematic geologic cross section of TVOB

(Yonemura, et al. 2012)

 Low-T eclogite & High-P granulite from
the Song Ma suture zone
Song Ma suture zone

Localities of
present study

Low-T eclogite & Mode of occurrence of general metamorphic

High-P granulite rock (pelitic schist) in Dien Bien Phu area

Mode of occurrence of chloritoid-spotted schist

 Low-T VHP eclogite from the Song Ma Suture Zone

Hbl-bearing eclogite containing Grt, Omp, Qtz

 High-P Grt-Cpx granulite from the Song Ma suture zone

Primary: Grt-sodic Cpx-Hbl-Qtz Secondary:

Simplified presumedOpx-Pl
P-T path

Grt High-P
Grt
Grt-Cpx granulite
Low-T
Qtz
VHP eclogite Opx+Pl
Cpx pseudomorph
Qtz
Opx+Cpx+Amp+Pl+Qtz
(Cpx pseudomorph)

Grt 1 mm Hbl 1 mm

Amp

Qtz Amp
Qtz

Grt Cpx

Qtz

Opx+Pl Opx Pl
Opx+Cpx+Amp+Pl+Qtz
(Cpx pseudomorph) Primary sodic Cpx
Simplified geological map of the Red River zone

Scene of Red River, near Bao Yen

Grt-Crn-Sil-Spl granulite
derived from Bauxite

Mode of occurrence of highest-grade

granulite derived from Bauxite
 Grt-Crn-Qtz granulite from the Red River zone

Grt includes Ky, St, Rt, Sid, CO 2

Coexisting corundum+quartz assemblage is still controversial, to be “stable”

or “metastable”, using thermodynamic examinations (e.g., Guiraud et al.
1996; Shaw and Arima, 1998; Harlov and Milke, 2002). However, on the basis
of worldwide natural occurrences of corundum+quartz, which is reviewed by
Mouri et al. (2004), the “texturally” stable “corundum + quartz” assemblage
is mainly observed in the magnetite-ilmenite-spinel-bearing high-grade
metamorphic rocks that represent ultrahigh- T and dry conditions.
 P-T evolution of Cangshan Mts and Nujiang River area

Ky-bearing Grt-Sil-Bt-Ms gneiss

Cangshan Mts.
collision boundary between South China and
Indochina cratons
(Northern extension of TVOB)

Nujiang River area (Gongshan)

collision boundary between Indochina and
Shan-Thai cratons St-bearing Grt-And-Bt gneiss
Schematic continental collision between South China and
Indochina cratons during Permo-Triassic time

Metamorphic rocks in the Trans Vietnam Orogenic Belt derived from

various crustal levels of the subducted Indochina craton
 Subdivision of granitic rocks
Metamorphic ages in SE-Asia
in Thailand
Sanjiang region
Multiple collision in Sanjiang region and SE-Asia
 NE-Asia
Collision boundary
between
N-China and S-China
cratons
UHP (S-Dabie, Gyonggi):
derived from S-China craton
LP-HT (N-Dabie, Higo):
derived from N-China craton
Absence of slub-break off and
Spr-/Osm-bg.UHT granulites asthenosphre upwelling
formed by magmatic under
plating

SE-Asia
Collision boundary
between
S-China and Indochina
cratons

Presence of slub-break off and

asthenosphre upwelling
Multiple collision boundaries in Far-East Asia