Floor

Floor
• Ground Floor
• Upper floor

1. Solid floor
2. Suspended floor
Mud Flooring
• Cheap, hard,
fairly impervious
• Easy to
construct and
easy to maintain
• Good thermal
insulation- cool
in summer,
warm in winter
• Over a well prepared
ground 25 cm thick
selected moist earth
is spread and
rammed to get
thickness of 15cm
• To prevent cracks
due to drying , small
quantity of chopped
straw is mixed in
moist earth
• Sometimes
cowdung is
mixed with earth
and a thin layer
of this mix is
spread over a
compacted layer
• A thin paint
of cement-
cowdung
(1:2 to 1: 3)
is applied)
Brick flooring
• Cheap construction
where good bricks are
available
• Suited to warehouses,
stores, gudowns
• Well burnt, good colour
,uniform bricks are used
• Laid in flat on edge or
on edge in herring bone
pattern or set right
angles to walls or any
good looking pattern
• One method
7.5 cm thick sand layer,
over this course of brick
in mortar built
Over which 12mm thick
bed of cement or lime
mortar in desired
pattern
• Second method
10-15cm thick layer of
lean cement
concrete(1:8:16) or
lime concrete is over
the prepared
subgrade
Bricks are laid on edge or
flat on 12 mm thick
mortar bed (all joints
are full with morata.
In both cases joints are
rendered flush and
finished
Work is properly cured
Flag stone flooring
• Flag stone is any
laminated stone
• Size (30x30cm,
45x45cm, 60x60cm)
• (45x60cm)
• Slabs are laid in
concrete base
• Subsoil is compacted,
10to 15 cm thick lime
concrete or lean
cement concrete is
laid
• This forms the base
course
• Flag stones are laid
over 20 to 25 mm thick
layer of bed mortar.
• Laying of slabs starts
from diagonally
opposite direction
• A string is stretched
between two corner
slabs laid to correct
level
• If any particular slab falls
lower than string level,
re laid by putting fresh
layer of stiff mortar
• Proper slope is given to
the surface to drain the
water
• The work properly cured
 Rubber flooring
• Sheets or tiles of
rubber
• In variety of colour
with thickness
various from 3 to
10mm
• Manufactured by
mixing rubber with
fillers such as cotton
fibre, granulated
cork or asbestos
fibre
• Sheets are tiles
are fixed to
concrete base or
wood by means
of appropriate
adhesives
• Resilient and
noise proof
• Costly
• Office or public
Building
 Linoleum flooring
• Available in rolls
• Spread on
concrete or
wooden flooring
• Manufactured by
mixing oxidized
linseed oil in gum,
resins,
pigments,wood
flour, corkdust and
other filler
materials
• Sheets are either
plain or printed
• Available in 2 to
6mm thickness
• 2 to 4 m wide rolls
• Linoleum tiles are
available
• Fixed or glued to
concrete base or
wood floor in
different pattern
• Attractive, resilient,
durable and cheap
• Cleaned very easily
• Subjected to rotting
when kept wet or
moist for time
• Cannot be used for
bathrooms ,kitchens
etc
 Glass flooring
• Special purpose
flooring
• Where it is desired to
transmit light from
upper floor to lower
floor
• In the form of tiles or
slabs in the thickness
varying from 12mm to
30mm
• Fixed in closely
spaced frames
so that glass
and frame can
sustain
anticipated
loads
• Very costly not
commonly used
 Cork flooring
• Perfectly noise less
• Used in libraries,
theatres art galleries,
broadcasting stations
• Cork- outer bark of oak
tree
• Cork carpet and tiles
• Fixed to concrete by
inserting a layer of
saturated felt
• Manufactured by
heating granules of
cork with linseed oil
and compressing it by
rolling on canvass
• Cork tiles from high
grade cork bar or
shearings compressed
in moulds to a
thickness of 12mm and
baked subseuqently
• Size(10x10cm to 30x90
cm) thickness 5 to
15mm
 Plastic or PVC flooring
• Poly vinyl chloride in the
form of tiles of different
sizes and colour shades
• Widely used in residential
and non-residential
building
• Laid on concrete base
• Adhesive applied on the
base aswellas on back of
PVC tiles with help of
notched trowel
• Within 30 mins tiles are laid
• Gently pressed with a help of
5kg weight wooden roller and
oozing out adhesive is wiped off
• Floor is washed with warm soap
water before use
• Resilient,smooth, good looking
and can be cleaned easily
• Costly and slippery
• Damaged very easily when
contact with burning objects
Asphalt flooring
• Asphalt mastic
• Asphalt tiles
• Asphalt terrazo
• Acid proof Asphalt
mastic
• Asphalt mastic
Mix of sand and asphalt in
the ratio of (2:1) mixed
hot and laid in continuous
sheets
Also applied cold by mixing
mineral oil and asbestos
2.5 cm thick
Mix poured on concrete
base spread by means of
trowel to get level surface
Joints of mastic laid on
successive days are
properly lapped
• Asphalt tiles flooring
asphalt, asbestos fibres, inert
materials and mineral pigments
by pressing the mix in different
sizes (20cm to 45 cm square)
Thickness from 3 to 6mm
Tiles directly cemented to
concrete base or fixed to
wooden floors by an layer of
mastic asphalt or asphalt
saturated felt
Cheap, resilient and non
absorbent and moisture proof
Asphalt terrazzo
Similar to mastic asphalt except that marble chips are
used in the place of sand/grit
Asphalt laid in hot condition
• Acid Proof mastic
flooring
Acid proof blocks of
asphalt are available
Acid proof asphalt, inert
crushed rock aggregate
under high pressure
Spread on concrete base,
uniformly spread
Finesand is spread over
the liquid asphalt
before it hardens
 Mosaic flooring
• Small pieces of broken tiles of china
glazed or of cement or of marble
arranged in different pattern
• Pieces are cut into different
pattern,sizes and shape
• Conctrete base above it lime surkhi
mortar is spread and levelled 5 to 8
cm thick
• On this 3mm thick cementing
material in form of two parts of
slaked lime and one part of
powdered marble and one part of
pozzolana material is spread and
left dry for about 4 hours
• Thereafter small pieces of broken tiles
or marble pieces of different colours
are arranged in definite patterns and
hammered into the cementing layer
• Surface is gently rolled by stone roller
of a 30cm dia and 40 to 60 cm long,
sprinkling water over the surface
• Cementing material comes up through
the joints and even surface is obtained
• Surface allowed to dry for 1 day
• Rubbed with pumice stone fitted with
a long wooden handle to get smooth
and polished surface
• Allowed to dry for two weeks before
use
Cement concrete flooring
• Commonly used in
residential,commercial and
even industrial building
• Cheap,quite, durable and
easy to construct
• Floor consists of base
concrete and topping or
wearing surface
• Two components may
constructed monolithically
or non monolithically
• When laid monolithically good
bond between two
components resulting smaller
over all thickness
• Disadvantages
topping damaged during
subsequent operation
Hair cracks are developed
because of freshly laid base
course which has not set
Work progress slow because the
workman has to wait at least
till the initial setting of the
base course
Hence non monolithic
construction is preferred
• When base
concrete 7.5 to
10cm thick either of
lean cement
concrete(1:3:6)
to( 1:5: 10) or lime
concrete containing
40% mortar of 1:2
lime –sand(1 lime,1
surkhi, 1 sand) 60 %
coarse aggregate of
40mm nominal size
• Base course laid over
compacted properly
and levelled to rough
surface.
• Properly cured
• When base concrete has
hardened surface is
brushed with stiff broom
and cleaned throughly
• Wetted the previous
night and excess water is
drained
• Topping is laid in square
or rectangular panels by
use of glass or plain
asbestos strips or by use
of wooden battens set
on mortar bed
• Panels of 1 x1m , 2x2m,
1x2m in size
• Topping consists of 1:2:4
laid of desired thickness
• (4cm)
• Alternate panels are laid
first
• Coat of cement slurry is
applied
 Terrazzo flooring
• Cement Plus marble
chips
Carborundam polishing machine