IRRIGATION ENGINEERING

Course Instructor: Engr. Arif Asghar Gopang

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
At the end of this lecture students will be able:
 To describe Indus Water Treaty

 To describe Types of Irrigation

 To explain Techniques of Irrigation in the farm

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 INDUS WATER TREATY
 On 1st April 1948, India interfered with water of river by
blocking the Ravi and Sutlej links.
 Thereafter, Pakistan faced acute shortage of water.
 On May 4, 1948, The Inter-Dominion Agreement is
signed. Pakistan is required “to deposit immediately in
the Reserve Bank (of India) such ad hoc sum as may be
specified by the prime minister of India”
 After continuous negotiation, India agreed to solve the
problem through neutral chairman.

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 INDUS WATER TREATY
 World Bank played the role of mediator between
Pakistan and India, then the landmark treaty known as
Indus water treaty was signed in the month of
September, 1960.
 The eastern rivers namely; Ravi, Beas and Sutlej were
given to India. Where as the western rivers namely;
Chenab, Jhelum and Indus were given to Pakistan.
 India is now completely violating the provisions of Indus
water treaty by building dams on the western rivers
allocated to Pakistan.
 Kishanganga and Baglihaar dams are being constructed
on the Neelum (tributary of Jehlum river) and Chenab
river respectively.
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 TYPES OF IRRIGATION

Irrigation

Surface Subsurface

Flow Lift Natural sub- Artificial

Irrigation Irrigation irrigation sub-irrigation

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 TECHNIQUES OF
IRRIGATION

FLOOD IRRIGATION
o It is also called wild flooding, because levees are not
provided to control the water movement.
o The efficiency of water in this system is quite low.
o There are greater chances of waterlogging and
salinization.

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FLOOD IRRIGATION

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 BORDER
IRRIGATION

o The land is divided into number of strips, separated by

borders.
o The strip is 10 to 20 meters in width and length is 100 to
400 meters in length.
o It is best adapted to grain and forage crops.

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 BASIN IRRIGATION

o In this method, the land is divided into a number of

basins.
o There are low and flat levees on the land in order to
control the movement of water.
o It is most suitable for orchard trees and also for close
growing crops such as paddy (rice).

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BASIN IRRIGATION

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 FURROW IRRIGATION

o In this method, only one-fifth to one-half of the land

surface is wetted by water.
o It results in less evaporation of water and less wastage of
water.
o Size of furrow vary from 8 to 10 cm deep, and upto 400
m long.
o It is suitable to row crops such as potato, maize,
vegetables and trees.

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FURROW IRRIGATION

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FURROW IRRIGATION

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 SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

o In this method, water is applied in the form of spray

through network of pipes and pumps.
o It is a kind of artificial rain and gives good results.
o It is applicable to all types of soils and to many crops.
o It is very costly and requires high technicalities.

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SPRINKLER IRRIGATION

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 TYPES OF SPRINKLER
SYSTEM

PORTABLE SPRINKLER SYSTEM

The laterals with sprinklers can be moved as a whole.

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 TYPES OF SPRINKLER
SYSTEM
PERMANENT SPRINKLER SYSTEM

The sprinklers irrigate at a fixed position.

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 DRIP
IRRIGATION

o It is also called Trickle Irrigation

o In this method, water is directly applied to the crop root
zone.
o It is high efficiency irrigation system and used when
there is acute shortage of water.
o It reduces losses due evaporation and seepage.

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DRIP
IRRIGATION

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DRIP
IRRIGATION

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Emitters/Nozzles

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DRIP
IRRIGATION

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ANY QUESTIONS ?
THANKS