Irrigation Principles and Practices

IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES
and PRACTICES
1
Irrigation
a natural or artificial application of
water to the soil.
Drainage
the removal of excess water from
the field which is not needed by the
plants anywhere.
2
Benefits of Irrigation
1.It will loosen the soil for easy

cultivation.
2.Lower the soil temperature.
3.Dissolve nutrients for the absorption
of plant roots.
3
Benefits of Irrigation (cont..)
4. It can provide crop insurance

against short period duration drought.
5. Wash out or dilutes salts in the soil.
4
4 General TYPES OF IRRIGATION
I. SURFACE IRRIGATION – done by
applying water and letting it spread
over the area to be irrigated. This
method is suitable to areas where
there is abundant water supply.
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I. SURFACE IRRIGATION
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I.SURFACE IRRIGATION.
Methods:
A. Uncontrolled or Wild Flooding –
done by introducing water to the field
and letting it spread over the area to
be irrigated from field ditches without
any levee to guide or restrict the flow
of water.
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Methods:
B. Controlled – requires the building
of control structures such as levee or
dikes to control the flow of water.
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Methods:
B. Controlled
1. Boarder Strip Flooding –
done by dividing the farm into a
number of strips separated by a low
levees or boarder.
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Methods:
B. Controlled
2. Check Flooding – consist of
running comparatively levee plots surrounded by
levees. This method is well suitable to very
permeable soils which must be quickly covered
with water in order to prevent excessive losses
near the supply ditches through deep
percolation. 15
Methods:
B. Controlled
3. Basin Flooding – used
extensively to irrigate rice. Water can be
held in the basin of the desired depth for
the required time. Sometimes it used to
irrigate orchards.
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Methods:
B. Controlled
4. Furrow Method – used in
irrigating row crops, using this method
only small part of the soil is wetted
thereby reducing water losses.
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Methods:
B. Controlled
5. Corrugation Irrigation – the
use of small and shallow furrows or rills
called corrugation. This method is
suitable for irrigating row crops.
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II. OVERHEAD IRRIGATION. This
method of applying water is done in
much the same way as rain. With this
method, not only the soils is wetted
but also the stem and leaves of the
plant.
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II. OVERHEAD IRRIGATION.
A.Hose Pipe. Applicable only when
there is a pipe system in the area.
B.Watering Can. Oldest type of
irrigation system.
C.Sprinkler Irrigation. Consist of
applying to the surface of the soil in
the farm by a spray.
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Sprinkler Irrigation.
Advantages:
1.It is suited in porous soils where
permeability is very high.
2.It eliminates a canal system.
3.It is applicable in lands with steep
slope.
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End-Pull Lateral
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Rotating-Boom Type
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Side-Roll Lateral
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Self-Profelled Lateral
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Advantages:
1.It is suited in porous soils where
permeability is very high.
2.It eliminates a canal system.
3.It is applicable in lands with steep
slope.
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A.Sprinkler Irrigation.
Advantages: (Cont..)
4. Adopted to light application of water
for shallow rooted crops, germination
of seeds and during the seedling
period.
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5. Applicable where water supply is
too small.
6. Fertilization and chemical
application can be incorporated with
irrigation.
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7. Water measurement is easier.
8. Quality and yield of crops is
improved.
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Disadvantages:
1.It requires high initial cost.
2.Operation and maintenance cost are
usually higher than surface irrigation.
3.High evaporation losses.
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Disadvantages: (cont..)
4. Difficult to move the portable pipe in
muddy soil.
5. Moist environment may encourage
the spread of diseases.
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6. Wind could cause uneven
distribution of irrigation water.
7. Mechanical problem might interrupt
operation
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8. Sprinkling water with substantial
amount of salt content can result in
the burning of plant leaves.
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III. DRIP OR TRICKLE IRRIGATION.
Method of applying water directly on
the soil near the plant through a
network of small diameter pipes. The
pipe are provided with a low flow rate
outlets called emitter or drippers
which supply the water requirements
of crops.
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Advantages:
1.Deep percolation is minimal
because only the root zone is wetted.
2.Evaporation is very low because
only a portion of the soil is wetted.
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Advantages:
3. Weed growth is lesser because
most of the soil surface remains dry.
4. Fertilizer could be applied with
water.
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Disadvantages:
1. High initial cost.
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IV. SUB-IRRIGATION.
The application of water to soils
directly under the surface.
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! ! !
K Y OU
TH AN
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IRRIGATION PRINCIPLES

1.It will loosen the soil for easy

4. It can provide crop insurance

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