NEAR FIELD COMMUNICATION

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 WHAT IS NFC?
• short range high frequency wireless communication
technology.
• A radio communication is established by touching the
two phones or keeping them in a proximity of a few
centimeters.
• NFC is mainly aimed for mobile or handheld devices.
• NFC is an extension of Radio frequency identification or
RFID technology.
• RFID is mainly used for tracking and identification by
sending radio waves.
 WHAT IS NFC?
• NFC technology built into mobile phones and other
electronic devices
• enables a wide range of new services to be introduced,
from mobile payments to advertising and marketing,
transportation ticketing, social networking, access
control and more
EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY
• In 2004, NFC Forum was formed by Nokia, Philips,
Sony,to set standards for NFC . Every NFC enabled
device will have “N-Mark” trademark ,developed by
NFC Forum.

N MARK TRADEMARK
EVOLUTION OF NFC TECHNOLOGY
• In 2006, the Nokia 6131 phone was the first device to
provide NFC functionality.
• In 2010, the Samsung NEXUS S became the first
Android with NFC support.
• n 2011, RIM became the first company certified by
MasterCard to provide the PayPass functionality on
their devices worldwide
 NFC Functions
1. Card emulation: NFC-enabled phones can
“emulate” plastic cards, such as payments
cards, transportation cards, government and
employee ID cards, membership and loyalty
cards and more.
2. Tag reading and writing: NFC-enabled phones
can read and write to low cost NFC tags which
can be affixed to posters, marketing materials,
product packaging, signage and more.

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 NFC Functions
3. Peer-to-peer communication: NFC-enabled
phones can communicate with each other
using peer-to-peer (P2P) communication.
When two devices are held close to each
other, business cards, photos and other
information can be instantly exchanged.

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 NFC Components
• NFC capable devices contain five new elements that are not found in standard
phones

1. A short-range radio antenna that operates on a

frequency of 13.56MHz, making it compatible
with contactless cards, terminals and a number
of RFID tags.

2. A secure element, which acts as a digital vault to

store personal and sensitive data in a highly
secure manner

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 NFC Components
3. An NFC protocol stack installed on the phone’s
processor to enable it to leverage the phone’s
NFC capabilities

4. A mobile wallet that lets the phone’s user view

NFC-related information stored on the device

5. An NFC controller chip that sends and receives

information and routes it to the correct location
within the mobile phone
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 OPERATION OF NFC
• Near field communication is based on inductive-
coupling.
• NFC works using magnetic induction between
two loop antennas located within each other's
'near field’.
 OPERATION OF NFC

• operating frequency 13.56 MHz.

• data rate 106 kbit/s to 424 kbit/s.
• NFC use an initiator and a target; the initiator
actively generates an RF field that can power a
passive target.

Initiator
Device

Target
 NFC Services
• NFC services use a combination of NFC
phones, tags and terminals to provide
businesses and consumers with easy, flexible
ways to interact with the world around them.
• NFC systems that use only the tag reading and
writing features can be built quite simply
• Systems that use a secure element, however,
are much more complex

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 The three modes of NFC devices
• Read/Write Mode : Read and write to NFC tags and
contactless cards . In this mode, the device can
provide operating power to a passive tag or card.
• Peer-to-Peer Mode : Transfer data between itself
and a second NFC device
• Card Emulation Mode : In this mode the NFC
device appears to the terminal to be a contactless
card.
• Specifications for these three modes of operation
have been set by the NFC Forum

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 The NFC Forum specifications
• international trade association established in
2004 (www.nfc-forum.org)
• The specifications are designed to ensure that
any NFC device will work with any other NFC
device and with any NFC tag, contactless card or
terminal that also conforms to NFC Forum
specifications
• built on a core standard known as “ISO/IEC
18092, Near Field Communication Interface and
Protocol-1”, or NFCIP-1
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 The NFC Forum specifications
• Communication must take place over a radio
(RF) link using the 13.56MHz frequency
• It also defines the communication parameters
of the RF link for all NFC devices in all three
modes and allows communication between
two powered (active) devices

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 Read/write mode
• In read/write mode, an NFC device can do one of
three things:
 It can read data stored in an NFC tag and
automatically act upon the information received.
 It can read data stored on a contactless card,
enabling it to act as a mobile merchant terminal,
ticketing machine, or access control device —
provided it is equipped with the relevant software.
 It can write new or updated data to an NFC tag or
contactless card, provided settings allow

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 Read/write mode : Example use cases
• Collect a coupon
• Obtain information
• Check in to a location
• Purchase a product or sign up for a service
• Initiate an action
• Initiate multiple actions
• Create dependent actions

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 Peer-to-peer mode
• In peer-to-peer (P2P) mode, two NFC devices are
able to exchange information with each other
when they are brought into close proximity
• With NFC P2P, establishing a connection between
two NFC devices is quick and easy
• NFC is not designed to have a fast data transfer
rate
• NFC used to establish connection and handover to
faster transfer technologies like Bluetooth or Wi-Fi

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 Peer-to-peer mode

• Social networking
• Device and equipment pairing
• P2P payments

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 Card emulation mode
• NFC devices can emulate a wide range of
different types of contactless cards that conform
to the ISO 14443 standard used by payments and
a wide range of other card issuers around the
world
• cards conforming to the ISO 15693 standard
employed by the majority of access control cards
used in employee ID and hotel room key systems
around the world

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 Card emulation mode : use cases
• Payments
• Tickets and passes
• Identity
• Keys and credentials

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 The building blocks of NFC
• NFC phones and other devices
• NFC tags
• NFC terminals
• NFC reader/writers
• The secure element
• The mobile wallet
• NFC applications
• NFC platforms
• The TSM
• The NFC infrastructure
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 NFC Programming
• NFC works on the principle of sending
information over radio waves.
• Through NFC data is send through
electromagnetic induction between two devices.
• android APIs are based around a NFC standard
called as NFC Data Exchange Format(NDEF).

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 How it works with Android
• To get the permission to access NFC Hardware, add the
following permission in Android.Manifest file.
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="10"/>
• to make application shows up in google play for only
those devices that have NFC Hardware, add the following
line in Android.Manifest file.
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.nfc" android:required="true"/>
• The NFC <uses-permission> element to access the NFC hardware:
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.NFC" />

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  android.nfc package
• Used for communicating with another device
• This package contains following classes
 NdefMessage
– It represents an immutable NDEF Message.
 NdefRecord
– It represents an immutable NDEF Record.
 NfcAdapter
– It represents the local NFC adapter.

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  android.nfc package
 NfcEvent
– It wraps information associated with any NFC
event.
 NfcManager
– It is a high level manager used to obtain an
instance of an NfcAdapter.
 Tag
– It represents an NFC tag that has been discovered.

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 NFC tags system
• NFC tags system works in android with the help of some
intent filters
 ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED
– This intent is used to start an Activity when a tag contains
an NDEF payload.
 ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED
This intent is used to start an activity if the tag does not
contain NDEF data, but is of known technology
 ACTION_TAG_DISCOVERED
This intent is started if no activities handle the
ACTION_NDEF_DISCOVERED or ACTION_TECH_DISCOVERED
intents

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