PLANNING

Presented by:
Planning

• Planning is the process of thinking about the activities required to

achieve a desired goal. It is the first and foremost activity to
achieve desired results.
• The process of setting goals, developing strategies, and outlining
tasks and schedules to accomplish the goals.
Types of Planning

1. Strategic Planning
2. Tactical Planning
3. Operational Planning
4. Contingency Planning
Types of Planning

Strategic Planning:
• The strategic planning is the process of determining overall
objectives of the organisation and the policies and strategies
adopted to achieve those objective.
• It basically deals with the total assessment of the organisation’s
capabilities, its strengths and its weaknesses and an objective
evaluation of the dynamic environment.
Types of Planning

Tactical Planning:
• Tactical planning supports strategic planning. It includes tactics
that the organization plans to use to achieve what’s outlined in
the strategic plan.
• Tactical planning is concerned with the responsibility and
functionality of lower-level departments to fulfill their parts of
the strategic plan.
Types of Planning

Operational Planning:
• Operational planning provides specific direction, encourages
focus, and aligns people with the company’s overall strategic
goals.
• Operational plans are short-term (less than a year) plans
developed to create specific action steps that support the
strategic and tactical plans.
Types of Planning

Contingency Planning:
• Contingency planning is essential in moments when changes can’t
be foreseen.
• Contingency plans are made when something unexpected happens
or when something needs to be changed.
Process of Planning

• Establishment of objectives
• Developing Premises
• Evaluating and selection of alternatives
• Formulating derivative plans
• Securing cooperation and participation
• Review and follow up
Advantages of Planning

• Helping in management
• Effective utilization of resources
• Minimum cost
• To help in motivation
• Help in coordination
• Facilitates decision making
• Improve competitive strength
Importance of Planning

• It helps managers to improve future performance, by establishing objectives and

selecting a course of action, for the benefit of the organisation.
• It minimises risk and uncertainty, by looking ahead into future.
• It facilitates coordination of activities. Thus, reduces overlapping among activities
and eliminates unproductive work.
• It states in advance, what should be done in future, so it provides direction for
action.
• It uncovers and identifies future opportunities and threats.
• It sets out standards for controlling. It compares actual performance with the
standard performance and efforts are made to correct the same.
Limitations Of Planning

• There is a lack of understanding of the different steps of the

planning process
• Non-availability of correct information and data
• Management at different levels in the organisation has not
properly contributed to planning activities
• Costly or uneconomical
• Lack of contingency plans
Conclusion

•You should now be able to develop plans with relevant people to achieve the project's goals. This
will involve identifying and finding ways of including the appropriate people in the project.
•You should be able to break work down into tasks and determine handover procedures so that the
work is manageable and progress can be tracked.
•You should be able to identify links and dependencies and schedule to achieve deliverables. We
introduced techniques that will help you to schedule and to identify dependencies so that you can
plan using the concept of the critical path.
•Estimating is part of planning and you should be able to estimate and cost the human and physical
resources required, and make plans to obtain the necessary resources.
•You should be able to allocate roles with clear lines of responsibility and accountability and to
allocate tasks that are realistic and equitable and accommodate other work loads. It is important
that the team feel that their tasks are achievable and that they know to whom they are
accountable.
•You should be able to plan for effective communications within the project activities by
establishing appropriate and agreed meeting schedules and reporting control and communication
methods.