Geology field trips

• Students:
• Jesus Aristizabal
• Kevin Leonardo
• Anthony Silvera
• Euler Sueldo
• Daniel Vega
HILLS OF THE
NATIONAL
ENGINEERING
UNIVERSITY
Hills of the National Engineering University
• The first field trip was made in the hills located at the
National University of Engineering, where we will focus on
studying the area between the trailing hills. Taking a general
look at these hills, we can quickly notice strata or layers
which indicate the presence of sedimentary rocks, as well as
observe an intrusive, because we observe rounded fragments
in the upper part of it, which indicates spherical weathering;
and a possible process of metamorphism due to the presence
of sedimentary rocks and the intrusive itself.
SATELITAL IMAGE
 Location and access
• On the back of the Faculty of Geological Engineering, Mining and
Metallurgy
• National University of Engineering located in the district of Rímac in the
department of Lima on Tupac Amaru Avenue at the height of Eduardo
Habich Avenue, with geographic coordinates twelve degrees south and
seventy seven degrees west.
 HISTORY
• Cerros Arrastre, is the name given to
the outcrops located behind the back
of the National University of
Engineering, these represent a
formation that dates back
approximately 170 million years,
which places it in the Cretaceous
period (within the Mesozoic era).
 Lithological formations
First point: above the UNI gym
Sedimentary rocks, It has the form of
substrates (table, tabloid),
You see an intercalation between clay and
sandstone.
In the upper part, limestone is seen and in the
lower part shale and sandstone.
If we do an investigation we can also find
evidence of fossil remains that arrived by tectonic
uplift.
Second point: Ravine between both hills
• Alluvial soil, horizon C.
• If we excavated the UNI,
there would be rounded
fragments, due to the water
transport.
 Third point: reservoir of the UNI (The Stock of the UNI)

• The UNI Stock, this intrusive belongs to the

great Batolito de la Costa, in this area we find
typical samples of igneous rocks.
• The tectonic upheaval and the mass of hot
magma cooled to depth,created an allo
alteration of metamorphism, turning the shale
into slate and the sandstone into quartzite.
• There is also the presence of ferric oxide
(hematite).
 Weather
• Normally, the temperature of
Independencia is 22 ° C, with a
humidity of 67% and the wind at 13
km / h.
 Accessibility
• It is by means of the highway by Tupac
Amaru at the height of the station
Honorio Delgado
• Accessing through gate 5 to the faculty
of geological engineering, initiating the
travel to the height of the gym of the
unit.
CHORRILLOS
 INTRODUCTION
In this report, we will try to identify, differentiate and explain through the graphics
observed in the field practice carried out at Morro Solar, its different compositions
and types of geological material that comprise it. The Morro Solar is a 281-meter
high development and occupies an area of ​7.48 km2, it is located in Chorrillos,
south of the Province of Lima. The solar nose is one of the most studied places by
geology in Lima-Peru, since it has a lot of importance in the formation of the
earth's crust in that territory, and at a glance the geological materials that make it
up can be differentiated and identified. Its geomorphology is formed by cliffs,
formation of the friar and the horseshoe. In the Morro Solar, three types of rocks
are mainly presented; igneous, metamorphic and sedimentary.
 “El Morro Solar” is located in Chorrillos, south of
the Province of Lima. The geographic coordinates
of the Morro Solar are: Long. 77 ° 01 '57' '. 7 W.
Greenwich and Lat. 12 ° 11 '07' '. 9 S
LOCATION
 OBJECTIVES
➢ Observe the different types of environments and identify the
composition of the geological materials that were in place.
➢ Have a clear and precise knowledge of how the Solar Morro
has been formed over time and everything that took part in it in
its entirety.
➢ Apply and remember the knowledge acquired in class to have
a better interpretation of the field trip.
 HISTORICAL GEOLOGY
Stratigraphic Column of the Morro Solar
Group, belonging to the Lower Cretaceous
GEOMORPHOLOGY
 LOCAL GEOLOGY
CLIFFS
• In Chorrillos you can see a
large cliff, mostly populated
and with luxurious
constructions on these. It can
also be seen that there is no
vegetation in the parts with the
steepest slope, while there is
vegetation in the parts with the
least slope. The cliffs are
usually composed of rocks
resistant to erosion and
weathering usually sedimentary
rocks such as limonite,
sandstone, limestone, dolomite,
although you can also see
igneous rocks, such as basalt or
granite in these formations.
“SALTO DEL FRAILE” “LA HERRADURA”
FORMATION FORMATION
• The Salto del Fraile Formation is • La Herradura, is composed in
part of the Lower Cretaceous. The the lower part of white and gray
name of the town is due to a sandstones with fossils such as
natural bridge, which has formed Lissonia riveroi and other
within the waves of the sea, due to unidentifiable ammonites
the disappearance of an intrusive (subclass of molluscs), the
rock whose material was carried
middle part is composed of
by the sea water while the more
resistant material of the quartzite finely stratified black shales,
The sedimentary rock could resist and the upper part consists of
the destruction. The reading of a compact black limestones
dream in love, desperate for the which form a powerful bank,
impossibility of realizing his contains ammonites and
dreams, jumped off the bridge. lamelibranchs (subclasses of
Lithological composition: shales, molluscs).
sandstone-quartzite.
 TYPES OF ROCKS
SANDSTONE
DIORITE LUTITA
(ARENISCA)

 TYPE:  TYPE: IGNEOUS –  TYPE: :

SEDIMENTARY PLUTONIC- SEDIMENTARY
ROCK.  COLORING: DARK ROCK.
 COLORING: GRAY, GRAY, COFFEE OR  COLORING: LIGHT
COFFEE OR RED. RED. RED.
 LOCATION: “SALTO  LOCATION: “SALTO  LOCATION: “LA
DEL FRAILE” DEL FRAILE” VIRGEN ”
 LIMOLITA CUARCITA CONGLOMERATE

 TYPE: SEDIMENTARY  TYPE: METAMORPHIC  TYPE: SEDIMENTARY

ROCK. ROCK. ROCK.
 COLORING: LIGHT  COLORING: LIGHT  COLORING: VARIABLE.
RED. GRAY.  LOCATION: “LA
 LOCATION: “SALTO  LOCATION: “SALTO HERRADURA”
DEL FRAILE” DEL FRAILE”
 STRUCTURAL GEOLOGY

• At this point we will study the earth's crust in the area

of ​Chorrillos, their structures and the relationship of the
rocks that form them.
we observed a dike of dark greenish color, and this at the
same time was cut by a stratification fault and was in the
middle of a cross stratification.
In the tour the presence of a Sill was appreciated
At another point of observation we noticed a fold called TYPE
COFRE
 CONCLUSIONS
 Deposition of sandstone and shale sediments over thousands of years.

 Fracturation, and by weathering and erosion cause faults due to gravity or

landslides (quaternary faults).

 Erosion which gave rise to the topography that is currently
observed in the area
 Recommendations

Organize awareness activities .

They should not build houses near the cliffs.

Place signage that can give some detachment.

Inglés

Presence of meshes in the cliffs of Chorrillos.

We can see that the sewers of Chorrillos are covered with meshes to prevent
the fall of rocks but they are also points of garbage concentration.
MUSA
 GEOLOGY:
PETROLOGY
GRANODIORITA
General characteristics:
Plutonic Rock
Coloring: clear to médium

Mineral components: consists of quartz, plagioclase and minor

amounts of alkali feldspars; with minority constituents such as
hornablenda, biotite or pyroxene.

Origin: formed in many types of igneous intrusions

Name of the Mineral Generalities Physical Properties Chemical
properties

Group: Colour:
Pyroxene Variable Minerals that contains the
rock: Sandstone rocks
Subgroup: Brightness: CaCO3
Rudaceous deposits opaque

Class: Kind: Grain size:

sedimentary rock sedimentary Thick

Subclass: Thick layering

clastic or detritic lenticular bodies and
filling of channels variable
Name: color
conglomerate
Name of the Mineral Generalities Physical Properties Chemical
properties

Colour: Minerals contained in the

Origin: white-black or slightly gray- rock: It is called
It comes from other green intermediate rock because
rocks, fragments of its content of silica (SiO2)
rock or minerals that Brightness: varies from 55 to 66%
are deposited by crystalline
gravity.
Texture:
Class: Group: granular
igneous rock feldspar-silicate-
oxide Formed by feldspar
Subclass: Analogous Rock of
Intrusive Kind: properties to those of
igneous granite and the syenite
Name:
Greenstone
Name of the Mineral Generalities Physical Properties Chemical
properties

Origin: Colour: Minerals contained in the

It comes from other Between gray and green. rock:
rocks, fragments of Granular composed mainly
rock or minerals that Texture: of plagioclase and pyroxene
are deposited by Distributed as in small and usually composed of
gravity. masses, heavy rocks, grains other ferro-magnetic
and mottled minerals, especially olivine
Class: Group:
igneous rock Basic rock

Subclass: Kind:
Intrusive igneous

First name:
Gabro
 HISTORICAL
GEOLOGY
CANTERAS DE
MUSA Generally located at the foot of the
slopes, evidencing previous
geodynamic events  external

COLUVIAL SOIL
Recent quaternary
BATOLITO
Upper cretaceous ALLUVIAL SOIL
Formed by rock blocks of a
Cretaceous Pleistocene
stone nature of the intrusive
type or volcanic
 STRATIGRAPHY
Composed of gravel, sand and silt, giving us to understand that they
presented a transport and a deposition.

EOLIC DEPOSITS
They are conformed by ancient wind
accumulations and that at present are
stabilized and forming hills and hills
of sand.

ALLUVIAL
DEPOSITS

Belonging to the Rímac River, with

lithology of boulders coming from
the intrusives, sands of different
granulometry, in smaller proportion
silt and clays
 ENVIRONMENTAL
GEOLOGY
Based on the observation work in the field:
Be careful with the location of the roads in that area, because
they are far from the quarry by something less than 25 meters,
which could cause an accident.

This area could be affected by an earthquake, affecting

buildings, even marked on a seismic risk map published by
the IGN.

Also in certain parts of the quarry it is used as "dump" or

"dump", which should not be recommended for health.
Inglés

INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL

GEODYNAMIC
Internal geodynamic :

The geodynamic processes in the study area and

surroundings have been originated by the
Quaternary glaciations and the fluvial
precipitations that have affected in greater degree
the relief, until configuring the current geoforms.
The activity of external geodynamics is
represented by geodynamic phenomena such as
landslides, rockslides and flows.
External
geodynamic :
The relevant internal geodynamic processes in the study
area are associated with a first compression phase (Andean
Orogeny) that occurred in the Lower Cretaceous, the
location of plutonic bodies of the Upper Cretaceous coast
batholith, and a second phase of compression in the Lower
Tertiary (rupture or failure in block of plutonic rocks of the
coastal batholith).