Gerund

and
Infinitive
Prepared by
Mr. Meyphalla Oudom 1
Gerund

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What is Gerund?
The gerund always ends in ing and used as or like noun. It can be
positive (e.g. going) or negative (e.g. not going).
Example:
 Swimming is my hobby.
 Writing is more difficult than reading.
 Running is good exercise.
 I like drawing.

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Functions of Gerunds in Sentences
 Like nouns, gerunds can function in sentences in the same capacities as any other nouns:
Function Example
Subject -Reading helps develop my vocabulary.
-Crying Releases my sadness and depression.
Direct Object -Monika likes drawing.
- The actor started acting.
Indirect Object -His performance gives acting a bad name.
-His laziness gives his studying a bad result.
Predicate Nominative -His most annoying habit is interrupting.
-My favorite leisure is singing.
Object of Preposition - He was tired of studying.
- She had committed suicide by hanging herself from a beam.
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 Gerund vs Participle
 The primary difference between a gerund and participle ,
therefore, is that while a participle is functionally comparable
to an adjective, a gerund is functionally comparable to a
noun.
 Compare:
 Participle: The waiting girl looks bored.
 Gerund: Waiting is a waste of time.

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 Examples of gerund:
 Cycling is fun.
 I like cycling.
 He gives fishing all his time.
 He has devoted all his life to fishing.
 Singing makes Sara happy.
 He thinks that not going is a better idea.
 Not doing anything about it is worse than doing the wrong thing.
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 Verb follow by Gerund
 Verb + Gerund
avoid (not) forget love prefer risk
can’t stop hate mean prevent save
dislike imagine mention remember stop
dread involve mind resent tolerate
enjoy justify miss resist understand
excuse like

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 More Examples
 I enjoy playing computer games.
 He has just stopped smoking.
 I can’t stop laughing.
 He loves teaching.
We can also use an object + Gerund after these verbs:
 I hate people laughing at me.
 We prefer girls working hard.
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 Gerund after prepositions
 A gerund can follow an adjective + preposition.
 I am nervous of saying the wrong thing.
 What is wrong with borrowing a little money?
 We can use:
afraid of capable of grateful for responsible for
amazed at content with guilty of satisfied with
angry about/at depend on happy about/with sorry about/for
ashamed of excited about/at keen on surprised at
bad at famous for nervous for used to
bored with fed up with pleased about/with worried about
annoyed about/at fond ofready for wrong with
aware of good at

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 Examples
 She is fed up with reading
 Nimol is good at interpreting.
 I am sorry for saying such rude words.
 My cousin and I are interested in playing cards.\
 We are ready for playing football tomorrow.
 They are happy with exchanging gift.

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Click icon to add picture

Infintive

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 What is the infinitive?
 An infinitive is a verb used as a noun. They can be used as a subject or
an object of a sentence. It is made by adding "–to" to the beginning of
a verb.
 Examples:
'do' or 'to do'
Bare infinitive
'be' or 'to be'
 There are two kinds of infinitive:

To infinitive or
full infinitive
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 Functions of to-infinitive

Functions of
Infinitive
Other
Functions
Subject
Appositive
Noun
Modifier

Object of a
Verb Object of
Subject Preposition
complement
Adjective Adverb

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 Functions As Noun

Subject to a Verb: Object to a verb:

 TO reform oneself is the greatest  It is always a luxury to love.
reform.  He likes to play.
TO err is human.
 I like to write in English.
 To wait seemed foolish when decisive
action was required.  Everyone wanted to go.
 To swim in that sea may be  He wants to learn.
dangerous.
 To learn is important.

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 Functions As Noun
 Subject Complement
 His ambition is to fly.
 What is essential is to maintain a healthy diet.
 The most important thing is to learn.

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 Functions as Adjective
 A word or group of words that
modifies and/or describes a noun or a
pronoun.
  Answers the question “what
kind?”
  General Rule:
 “Adjectival Infinitives always follow
the noun they modify.”
  Noun + Adjectival Infinitive
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 This is the best time to practice.
 I have some jeans to wash.
 The only way to find the treasure
chest is to meet with the fairy prince.
 His least-favorite power tool to make
home improvements is the handsaw.
 Your attitude is the best attitude to
have.
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 Functions as Adverb
 A word or group of words that
modifies a verb, an adjective or
another adverb. Answers the questions
“why?” and “what extent?”.
 You can always identify an adverbial
infinitive by inserting the test words in
order in front of infinitive. If the
words in order make sense, the
infinitive is adverbial.
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Example:
 We must carefully observe to
understand.
 I can’t wait to see.
 Joshua intended to write a novel
 The inspector came to check the dam
for leaks.
 Fred finally went to work.
 Are you old enough to drive?
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 Other Functions
Object of the Preposition
 I was about to tell you my secret.
 I was about to speak when he
interrupted.
Appositive
 My ambition to climb Mt. Everest has
directed by whole life.
 Our good intention to diet disappeared
quickly.

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 Verb Follow by to-infinitive

afford
care grow neglect start
agree
cease guarantee offer swear
aim
choose happen omit tend
appear
claim hate plan threaten
arrange
come have prefer train
ask
continue hesitate prepare try
attempt
dare hope pretend turn out
be
decide intend promise used
be dying
demand learn propose vow
beg
deserve like refuse wait
begin
dread long regret want
can't bear
expect love remember wish
can't stand
fail manage seek would like
can't wait
forget need seem yearn

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 Bare Infinitive and uses
The bare infinitive is used as the main verb after the auxiliary verb do, or most
modal auxiliary verbs (such as will, can, or should..)
Examples:
I do know him
I do like you.
I can do it .
Several common verbs of perception, including see, watch, hear, feel,
and sense take a direct object and a bare infinitive.
Examples:
I saw it happen
I watched it happen

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 Bare Infinitive and uses
The bare infinitive is also used with several common verbs of permission or
causation, including make, bid, let, and have.
Example:
I made/bade/let/had him do it.
(However, make takes a to-infinitive in the passive voice.
I was made to do it.
The bare infinitive is also used after had better.
Example:
You had better leave now

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 Bare Infinitive and uses
The verb help is followed by the bare infinitive.
Example:
He helped them do it. ("He helped them to do" is also possible)
With the word why.
Example:
Why say it?

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Questions & Practice

Thanks for your attention

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