Objectives

On the completion of this period, you would be able to

know about

• plastics, its formation and merits

• Principle of manufacturing plastic products

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 ????

Can you name some of the materials with which

the house hold objects are made of ?

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Plastic Objects

Fig.1
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Plastic Objects

Fig.2
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Plastic Objects

Fig.3
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Plastic Objects

Fig.4
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 Advantages Of Plastics

•Plastics are lighter

•Plastics have good formability

•Plastic molding tools are cheaper

•Plastic Products are cheaper with high quality

•Some Plastics are as hard as metals

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 Introduction

• Plastics are Polymers - Synthetic organic materials

• Polymers are made from Monomers

• Monomer is a small organic molecule

• Polymerization - Process of linking number of Monomers

together to form Polymers

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 H

C
H
H
C

Fig.5
Monomers
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Examples Of Monomers

• Vinyl Chloride

• Ethylene

• Propylene

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 Polymer

• Polyvinylchloride

• Polyethylene

• Polypropylene

Fig.6

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Plastic Pellets

Fig.7
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Petroleum To Plastics

Fig.8

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 Petroleum To Plastics

• Monomers obtained from Petroleum or Natural Gas

• Petroleum contains hydrocarbons and other materials
• Monomers are produced in Oil Refinery
• Polymers are produced in Petrochemical Plant
• Plastic Objects are produced in Plastic Factory from Pellets

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 Recap
So far in the class we have learnt about

• Plastics are Polymers

• Polymers are made from Monomers

• Monomer is a small Organic Molecule

• Polymerization – Linking of Monomers

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 Main Types Of Plastics

• Thermoplastics

• Thermo-setting plastics

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 Thermoplastics - Molecular Structure
• Have linear or branched molecular
structure
• Flexible at ordinary temperature
• Become pasty/liquid mass when
heated
• Become solid when cooled
• No chemical change occurs during
cooling and heating
• Can be reheated to change shape

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 Thermoplastics - Examples

• Nylons (Polyamides), PA
• Polyvinylchloride, PVC
• Ethylene Vinyl Acetate, EVA
• Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene, ABS
• Polypropylene, PP
• Polyacetals

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 Nylons (Polyamides) - Properties

• Semi-Crystalline

• Very tough

• Have good thermal and

chemical resistance

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 Polyvinylchloride (PVC) - Properties

• Can be clear or colored

• Can be rigid or flexible

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 Ethylene Vinyl Acetate - Properties

• Flexible
• Transparent
• Good chemical resistance
• High friction coefficient
• Good low temperature
flexibility

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Fig.4 21
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS)-
Properties
• Rigid
• Opaque
• Glassy
• Tough
• Good dimensional stability
• Easily electroplated

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Fig.5 22
 Polyacetals - Properties

• Rigid

• Translucent

• Tough

• Spring like qualities

Fig.7

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 Thermo – Sets

• Have very tight meshed

molecular structure
• Undergo chemical change
during heating
• Curing takes place during
shaping
• Are rigid and will not soften by
reheating
• Can be molded only once
• Further shaping may be done by Fig.8
machining

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Thermo-Sets - Examples
• Vinyl Esters

• Phenolics

• Melamine

• Epoxies

• Acrylics

• Alkyds

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 Vinyl Esters - Properties

• Rigid

• Translucent

• Good corrosion
resistance

• Low viscosity

Fig.9
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 Phenolics - Properties

• Hard
• Brittle
• Opaque
• Good electrical resistance
• Good heat resistance
• Resistance to deformation
under load Fig.10

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 Melamine - Properties

• Hard
• Opaque
• Tough
• Scratch resistant
• Self extinguishing
• Resistant to detergents
and dry cleaning solvents

Fig.11

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 Epoxies - Properties

• Rigid
• Clear
• Very tough
• Chemical resistant
• Good adhesion properties

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Epoxies - Products

Fig.12

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 Acrylics - Properties

• Hard

• Transparent

• Abrasion resistant

• Good electrical insulation

• Good chemical properties

• Good mechanical properties

Fig.13

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 Alkyds - Properties

• Rigid

• Tough

• Heat resistant

• Good long term dimensional

stability

• Good color stability

Fig.14

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 Plastics Additives

• Make Plastics easier to process

• Make Plastics look good

• Make Plastics safe and sound

• Make Plastics clean and healthy

• Make Plastics work longer

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 Plastics Additives

• Impact Modifier – Prevent Plastics from cracks under

Impact loads

• Flame Retardants – Makes Plastics non-inflammable

• Mineral Fillers – Increase rigidity, improves electrical

properties, increase thermal
conductivity

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 Additives Make Plastics Easier To Process

• Process Aids – Improves physical and chemical

properties
• Lubricants – Reduce viscosity between mold and
Plastic melt
• Antioxidants – Prevents spoil the color, weaken at
higher temperatures
• Heat stabilizers – Stop decomposing during processing

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 Additives Make Plastics Look Good

• Pigments – Make Plastics look more attractive, increase

safety factor

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 Additives Make Plastics Clean And Healthy

• Plasticizers and non toxic stabilizer – Makes Plastic good

looking, cling-film, non-toxic

• Anti-Static Agent – Do not attract dust and dirt

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 Additives Make Plastics Work Together

• Non fading pigments – Help Plastics to hold color for

many years

• Light Stabilizers, UV absorbers, Anti-Oxidants – Ensure

constant high performance

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 Summary

In this class we have discussed about

• Plastics, monomers, polymers
• Thermoplastics and their properties
• Thermo-sets and their properties
• Plastics Additives and their uses

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 Quiz
1.Which of the following is correct?

a) Thermoplastics can’t be reshaped by reheating

b) Chemical change occurs during heating and
cooling of thermoplastics
c) Thermo-sets can be reshaped by reheating
d) Chemical change occurs during heating and
cooling of thermo-sets

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 Quiz
2.Which of the following is a thermoplastic

a) Polyvinylchloride

b) Epoxies

c) Acrylics

d) Alkydes

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 Quiz

3. Which of the following is incorrect?

Additives make Plastics

a) Easier to process
b) Look good
c) Do not work longer
d) Clean and healthy

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 Quiz

.
4 Plastics are

a. Good conductors of heat and bad conductors of electricity

b. Bad conductors of heat and good conductors of electricity
c. Good conductors of heat as well as electricity
d. Bad conductors of heat as well as electricity

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 Quiz

5. Plastics are

a. Synthetic Organic Materials

b. Ceramic Materials
c. Ferrous Materials
d. None of the above

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 Quiz

6. Polymerization is associated with

a. Copper
b. Zinc
c. Plastics
d. None of the above

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 Frequently Asked Questions
1. Compare Thermoplastics and Thermo-Sets

2. List any four Plastics Additives. Give one example of

each

3. Define a Polymer?

4. Briefly explain the principle of manufacturing Plastic

products

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