A SEMINAR

ON
Paper Battery
B.Aravind
162G1A0403

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 CONTENTS
Introduction To Batteries
What is Paper Battery?
About Carbon Nanotubes
Fabrication of paper battery
Working of paper battery
Advantages of paper battery
Limitations
Applications of paper battery
Conclusion
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Introduction To Batteries
 An electrical battery is one or more
electrochemical cells that convert stored chemical
energy into electrical energy.

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 Electrons flow from the negative terminal towards
the positive terminal.
CLASSIFIACTION OF BATTERIES
Based on Recharging:
 Non rechargeable or primary cells
 Rechargeable or secondary cells
 Based on the Size:
 Miniature batteries
 Industrial batteries

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 Based on Nature of Electrolyte:
 Dry cell
 Wet cell

HAZARDS RELATED TOBATTERIES

 Explosion
 Corrosion
 Environmental Pollution
 Ingestion

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What is Paper Battery?
 A paper battery is a flexible, ultra-thin energy
storage and production device formed by combining
carbon nanotube s with a conventional sheet of
cellulose-based paper.
 Acts as both a high-energy battery and
supercapacitor, combining two components that are
separate in traditional electronics .
 This combination allows the battery to provide
both long-term, steady power production and bursts
of energy.
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 Non-toxic, flexible paper batteries have the
potential to power the next generation of electronics,
medical devices and hybrid vehicles, allowing for
radical new designs and medical technologies.
 Paper batteries may be folded, cut or otherwise
shaped for different applications without any loss of
integrity or efficiency .
 Early prototypes of the device are able to produce
2.5 volts of electricity from a sample the size of a
postage stamp.
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The Black Piece of Paper can power a small

light

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Carbon Nano tubes

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 Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are allotropes of
carbon with a cylindrical nanostructure.
 Nanotubes have been constructed with length-
to-diameter ratio of up to 132,000,000:1,
significantly larger than any other material.
 These cylindrical carbon molecules have Novel
Properties, making them potentially useful in
many applications in nanotechnology, electronics,
optics, and other fields of materials science, as well
as potential uses in architectural fields.

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 They exhibit extraordinary strength and unique
electrical properties, and are efficient thermal
conductors.
 In Paper Batteries the nanotubes act as
electrodes, allowing the storage devices to conduct
electricity.
 Carbon nanotubes have been implemented in
Nano Electromechanical systems, including
mechanical memory elements (NRAM being
developed by Nantero Inc.)

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abrication of Paper Battery
• Materials Required are:
a) Copier paper
b) Carbon Nano ink
c) Oven
• STEPS:
Step 1: The copier paper is taken.
Step 2: Carbon Nano ink which is black in color is taken.
Carbon nano ink is a solution of nano rods, surface
adhesive agent and ionic salt solutions. Carbon nano ink
is spread on one side of the paper.
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• Step 3: The paper is kept inside the oven at 150C
temperature. This evaporates the water content on the
paper. The paper and the nano rods get attached to each
other.
• Step 4: Place the multi meter on the sides of the paper
and we can see voltage drop is generated.

•After drying the paper becomes flexible, light weight in

nature. The paper is scratched and rolled to protect the
nano rods on paper.

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Fabrication process

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Working of Paper Battery
The battery produces electricity in the same way
as the conventional lithium-ion batteries that
power so many of today's gadgets, but all the
components have been incorporated into a
lightweight, flexible sheet of paper.
• Devices are formed by combining cellulose
with an infusion of aligned Carbon
Nanotubes. The carbon is what gives the
batteries their black color.

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• Tiny filaments act like the electrodes &
conduct electricity when the paper comes into
contact with an ionic liquid solution.
• Ionic liquids contain no water, which means
that there is nothing to freeze or evaporate in
extreme environmental conditions.
• Paper batteries can function between -75 to
1500 Celsius.
• Paper is made conducting by dipping in ink.
Two sheets of paper kept facing inward act
like parallel plates (high energy electrodes).
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• The paper electrode stores charge while recharging in

tens of seconds because ions flow through the thin
electrode quickly. In contrast, lithium batteries take 20
minutes to recharge

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 ADVANTAGES
FLEXIBLE SHAPE:
a) Paper battery is that it can be bent to any such shape
or design that the user might have in mind.
b) The battery can easily squeeze into tight crevasses
and can be cut multiple times without ruining the
battery's life.
Example: If a battery is cut in half, each piece will
function, however, each piece will only contain 1/2
the amount of original power. Conversely, placing
two sheets of paper battery on top of one-another
will double the power. 19
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REPLACE CONVENTIONAL BATTERIES:
a) By layering sheets of this paper, the battery's voltage
and current can be increased that many times. Since
the main components of the paper battery are
carbon nanotubes and cellulose, the body structure
of the battery is very thin, “PAPER THIN".
b) To maximize even more power, the sheets of battery
paper can be stacked on top of one another to give
off tremendous power.
c) Environment Friendly.
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MEDICAL APPLICATIONS:
a) Supplies power to an implanted pacemaker in the
human body by using the electrolytes in human
blood.
b) Battery can be energized by the electrolyte emitted
from one's own blood or body sweat.
c) Leading to Conserve the usage of Battery Acid and
rely on an environmental friendly mechanism of
fueling battery cells with the help from our bodies.

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MOULDED INTO DIFFERENT SHAPES:
The paper battery can be molded to take the shape of
large objects, like a car door:
As stated earlier, the key characteristics that make the
paper battery very appealing are that it can be
transformed into any shape or size, it can be cut multiple
times without damaging it, and it can be fueled through
various ways besides the typical harmful battery acid
that is used in the current day battery.

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 LIMITATIONS
SIZE: Presently, the devices are only a few
inches across and they have to be scaled up to
sheets of newspaper size to make it commercially
viable.
EXPENSIVE: Carbon Nanotubes are very
expensive, and batteries with large enough power
are unlikely to be cost effective.
DEFORESTATION: Cutting of trees leading to
destroying the nature
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 APPLICATIONS
Pacemakers
Alternate source of energy
Powered smart cards RF ID tags
Toys, Sound-books
Ecards, greetings, talking posters

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 CONCLUSION
 Replacing old bulky batteries
Less E-waste
Reduce weight of electronic gadgets
 The adaptations to the paper battery technique
in the future could allow for simply painting the
Nanotube ink and active materials onto surfaces
such as walls. These surfaces can produce energy.

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 Links To References

http://electronics.howstuffworks.com/battery.htm
http://everything2.com/e2node/Lithium%2520ion%2520battery
http://www.batteryuniversity.com
http://news-service.stanford.edu/news/2008/january9/nanowire-010908.html
http://www.nano.gov/html/research/industry.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckminster_Fuller
http://www.nanowerk.com/spotlight/spotid=5210.php

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THANK YOU

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