ELECTRON

CONFIGURA
TION
Prepared By: DONNA C. EDORA
The aufbau principle, from the German Aufbauprinzip, also called
the aufbau rule, states that in the ground state of an atom or ion,
electrons fill atomic orbitals of the lowest available energy levels
before occupying higher levels. For example, the 1s subshell is
filled before the 2s subshell is occupied.

The Pauli exclusion principle is the quantum mechanical principle

which states that two or more identical fermions (particles with
half-integer spin) cannot occupy the same quantum state within a
quantum system simultaneously.

Hund's rule: every orbital in a subshell is singly occupied with one

electron before any one orbital is doubly occupied, and all
electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin.
• Electrons exist in different energy
levels (previously described as
“shells”)
• The energy levels correspond to
the horizontal rows on the periodic
table
• Orbitals are areas within shells where
the electrons are located
• These orbitals may have different
shapes
• There may be different numbers of
orbitals within a shell
• We know the electron is somewhere in
the orbital, but we can’t know exactly
where it is or how fast it is moving –
Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle
 Learning Check
•What are orbitals?
•Where are orbitals?
•How many electrons reside in
each orbital?
Learning Check
•What are orbitals? A place where electrons
can be found
•Where are orbitals? Outside the nucleus
Types of Orbitals (subshells)
•S orbitals – 1 orbital per shell – holds ___
electrons total
•P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds ___
electrons total
•D orbitals – 5 orbitals per shell – holds ___
Types of Orbitals (subshells)
electrons total
•F orbitals – •S
7 orbitals
orbitals per
– 1 shell – holds
orbital ___– holds 2
per shell
electrons total
electrons total
•P orbitals – 3 orbitals per shell – holds 6
electrons total
Electron Configuration
–Electron configuration is the
arrangement of electrons around the
nucleus of an atom based on their energy
level.
•Total electrons = atomic number
•Electrons are added one at a time to the
lowest energy levels first (Aufbau
principle)
•Fill energy levels with electrons until
you run out
Bigger Elements
–Fill the energy levels until you run out
of electrons
1. Oxygen
2. Sodium
3. Titanium