INTERCONVERSION By Rajdeep

Mishra (IX-B)
OF STATES OF MATTER
INTERCONVERSION
INTERCONVERSION OF
OF
STATES OF MATTER
STATES OF MATTER
 METHODS TO CHANGE STATES
METHODS TO CHANGE STATES
OF MATTER
OF MATTER

By Altering By Altering
Temperature Pressure
 EFFECT
EFFECTOF
OF CHANGE
CHANGE OF
OF
TEMPERATURE
TEMPERATURE

Solid to Liquid –
• On heating a solid, kinetic energy of its particles increases.
• Due to increase in kinetic energy, particles start vibrating with greater speed
around their mean positions
• Energy supplied by heat overcomes forces of attraction between its particles
• Particles leave their fixed positions and start moving freely
• A stage is reached when solid melts and is converted into a liquid
• The minimum temperature at which a solid melts to become a liquid at
atmospheric pressure is called its melting point
• Hence, melting point is an indication of strength of force of attraction
 LATENT
LATENTHEAT
HEATOF
OF FUSION
FUSION
• The process of melting, that is, change of solid state into liquid state is also known
as fusion
•When a solid melts, its temperature remains same till all of the solid has been
converted into liquid
• This happens even though we continue to supply heat
• Actually, this heat gets used up in changing sate by overcoming forces of attraction
between particles
• As this heat energy is absorbed by the solid without any visible increase in
temperature, it is considered that it gets hidden into the solid. Therefore, it is called
Latent Heat
• Amount of heat energy, required to convert 1 KG of a solid into liquid is called
latent heat of fusion
•For example, Latent heat of fusion for ice = 3.34 * 10^5 J/KG
 Liquid to Gas –
• On supplying heat to a liquid, kinetic energy of its particles
increase
•Due to increase in kinetic energy, particles start vibrating with
greater speed around their mean positions
• Energy supplied by heat overcomes forces of attraction between
its particles
• Particles start moving even more freely
• A stage is reached when solid melts and is converted into a a
liquid
• The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling at atmospheric
pressure is known as its boiling point. For example, boiling point
for water = 100*C
• Boiling regarded as a bulk phenomenon
 LATENT HEAT OF
LATENT HEAT OF
VAPORISATION
VAPORISATION
• When a liquid boils, its temperature remains same till all of the liquid has been converted
into gas
• This happens even though we continue to supply heat
• Actually, this heat gets used up in changing sate by overcoming forces of attraction
between particles
• As this heat energy is absorbed by the liquid without any visible increase in temperature,
it is considered that it gets hidden into the liquid. Therefore, it is called Latent Heat
• Amount of heat energy, required to convert 1 KG of a liquid into gas is called latent heat
of vaporisation
•For example, Latent heat of vaporisation for water = 22.5 * 10^5 J/KG
• From the above information, it can be inferred that water at 0*C
has more energy than ice at 0*C
• Similarly, steam at 100*C has more energy than water at 100*C
• It can also be inferred that freezing point and melting point are
numerically same
• Similarly, boiling point and condensation point are numerically
same
 Gas to liquid –
• On cooling a gas, its particles lose kinetic energy and start
moving slowly
• On cooling upto its condensation point, particles lose enough
kinetic energy to change state from gas to liquid
• Hence, particles come closer and liquid matter is formed
 Liquid to Solid –
• On cooling a liquid, its particles lose kinetic energy and start
moving slowly
• On further cooling till freezing point, particles lose enough
kinetic energy to convert from liquid to solid state
• Therefore, particles come more closer and solid matter is formed
 SUBLIMATION –
• A change of state directly from solid to gas without changing
to liquid state (and vice-versa) is called sublimation
• A solid which is undergoing sublimation is called sublime
• A solid formed due to cooling of vapours is called sublimate
• Sublimable substances include – Camphor, Ammonium
Chloride, Anthracene, Naphthalene, Iodine, etc.
TEMPERATURE – HEAT GRAPH
TEMPERATURE – HEAT GRAPH
FOR WATER
FOR WATER
EFFECT OF CHANGE OF
EFFECT OF CHANGE OF
PRESSURE
PRESSURE

 By applying pressure, we can bring particles of matter close to each

other thereby increasing force of attraction among particles. Hence,
gas gets converted into a liquid on increasing pressure
 By decreasing pressure, similarly a liquid gets converted into a gas
THANK Efforts by :
THANK YOU
YOU Rajdeep (IX-B)