Computer Numerical Control

Lecture 8
Introduction to CAD/CAM

Dr Lina Momani
INTRODUCTION

Production system: is a collection of people,

equipment, and procedures organized to
accomplish the manufacturing operations of a
.company (or other organization)

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 Two types of manufacturing systems:

Discrete manufacturing systems and

continuous manufacturing systems.

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 Discrete Manufacturing Systems
The quantity produced by a factory has a very
significant influence on its facilities and
the way manufacturing is organized.
Production quantity refers to the number of
units of a given part or product produced
annually by the plant.

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Relation between product variety and production
quantity in discrete product manufacturing.

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Various types of plant layout: (a) fixed-position layout, (b) process layout, (c) cellular layout, and (d)
product layout.

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Types of facilities and layouts used for different levels of production quantity and
product variety.

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The information-processing cycle in a typical
manufacturing firm.

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Opportunities of automation and computerization in a production system.

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 Production Systems
Goal: Introduce new products with better quality at
lower cost and with shorter lead time (delivery)
?Why Computer
Huge memory capacity, fast processing speed and used-
friendly "Interactive" graphics capabilities

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 :Technologies
CAD: Computer-Aided Design
CAM: Computer-Aided Manufacturing
CAE: Computer-Aided Engineering
are the technologies used for this purpose
.during the product cycle

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 :Product cycle
Composed of 2 main processes: The design
process and the manufacturing process

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 Product cycle

Product Design Drafting

Concept Engineering

Customer PRODUCT Process

Market New Equip. Planning
CYCLE Tooling

Quality Production
Control Production Scheduling

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 :Design process
Starts from customer's demands and ends
with a complete description of the product
(Model)
:Manufacturing process
Starts from the design specifications and
ends with shipping of the actual product

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 :Design Activities
:Two large types
Synthesis: Identification of the design need,
formulation of the design specifications, feasibility
study with collecting relevant design information,
and design conceptualization
Result of the synthesis subprocess: A conceptual
design – a sketch or a layout drawing that shows the
relationships among the various product
components
Analysis: Analysis and optimization of the design

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 :Manufacturing Process
Process planning: A function that establishes
which processes and the proper parameters
for the processes to be used, machines, and
so on
Outcome: A production plan, materials
orders, machine programming, and so on
Actual product is produced and inspected
against quality requirements (Quality
control)

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 CAD
Is a technology concerned with the use of
computer systems to assist in creation,
modification, analysis and optimization of a
design

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CAM
The technology concerned with the use of
computer systems to plan, manage, and
control manufacturing operations through
either direct or indirect computer interface
with the plan's production resources

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Applications of computers:
Direct application - device monitoring and
control, NC, PLC, manufacturing cell.
Indirect applications – manufacturing
support – planning, process planning,
scheduling, inventory, shop floor control.

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THE TREND OF MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Facts:
1. Rapid changing market place
2. Fast development of new technologies
3. Serious competition
4. A "use brain" generation, not willing to learn the
trade which requires hand skill.
To survive:
1. Lower cost
2. Higher quality
3. Lower product development cycle
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 SOLUTIONS DEVELOPED
1. Small batch production 95% in lot size of 50 or less.
2. Just in time production, reduce inventory
3. Automation - quality, labor cost
Automated lathe, screw machine (Swiss machine),
transfer line
4. Flexible automation - further reduce lead time,
automation of small batch (NC, FMS, FMC, Robotics,
...)
5. Integration - CAM, CIM, concurrent engineering,

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 BENEFITS OF CAM (Example)
90% Inventory reduction
50% more efficient use of factory &
warehouse space
75% reduction in machine setup time - item
setup (re-measurement, repositioning, and
replacement of cutting tools,..)
Does not change product specific set-up.
25% reduction in direct and indirect labor
90% reduction in lead time

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 ADDITIONAL COSTS OF USING CAM VS
MANUAL OPERATION
• Programming
• Special tooling design and manufacturing
• Program proof out, 1st good part is a dream,
not a reality.
• Maintenance - more sophisticated system.

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 CAE
Computer-aided Engineering is the use of
computer systems to analyze CAD geometry,
allowing the designer to simulate and study how
the product will behave so that the design can be
refined and optimized

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 Computer-Aided Manufacturing
Computer Computer
CA
Aided Aided
Drafting
Design Engineering

Product Design Drafting

Concept Engineering

Customer PRODUCT Process

Market New Equip. Planning CAPP
CYCLE Tooling

Quality Production
Control Production Scheduling

Computer - Computerized
Aided Q.C. CAM, NC Scheduling
Robotics - Shop Floor Control
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