Text as Connected

Discourse
Reading and Writing
ppt1
 Discourse
• Utterance, talk, speech, discussion, and
conversation.
• An extended expression of thoughts and ideas.
*** The ideas in discourse are not connected or do
not have a particular structure.
 Text

• A large unit in written language

• A group of ideas put together to make point or one
central idea
• Has a structure which requires the ideas in the
discourse to be relevant to each other
• An actually connected discourse.
 Text vs. Discourse

• TEXT is made made-up of sentences.

• DISCOURSE is the use of such sentences.

• A text is made-up of sentences having the property of

grammatical cohesion.
• A discourse is made up of utterances having the property of
coherence.
 Text vs. Discourse

TEXT is defined in terms of its being a physical

product. Meaning is not found in text.
DISCOURSE is viewed as a process. Meaning is
derived through the reader’s interaction with the
text---discourse.
What Makes a Text a
Connected Discourse?
Text becomes a connected
discourse when we read.
 LET US READ!
A Limerick
There was a young girl on a tower
Who looked just as fresh as a flower.
Her hair was like silk,
Her skin smooth as milk,
But her breath made the strongest knight cower.
-unknown author.
Text as a Connected Discourse (Written)

• Text can be a connected discourse through

the use of transitional words.
• Transitional devices are used to show
relationship or connection between idea in
the sentence and paragraphs.
 Agreement/ Addition/ Similarity

• The transition words like also, in addition and likewise,

add information, reinforce ideas and express agreement
with preceding material.
Examples:
In the first place; not only..but also; equally; as well as;
comparatively; furthermore; similarly; equally important,
not to mention; as a matter of fact.
 Opposition/ Limitation/ Contradiction
• Transition phrases like but, rather, and or, express that there is
evidence to the contrary or point out alternatives, and thus
introduce a change in the line of reasoning.
Examples:
Of course..but different from after all
On the other hand unlike even so/ though
In contrast at the same time in reality
 Cause/ Condition/ Purpose
• These transitional phrases present specific conditions or intentions.

Examples:
In the event that whenever because of
Provided that as/ so long as for fear that
In view of in order to so that
 Examples/ Support/ Emphasis
• These transitional devices are used to introduce example as support, to
indicate importance or as an illustration so that idea is cued to the reader.

Examples:
In other words that is to say with attention to
By all means to put it differently in this case
 Effect/ Consequence/ Result
• Some of these transitional word are time words that are used to show after
a particular time where there was a consequence or an effect. Note that for
and because are placed before the cause/reason. The other devices are
placed before the consequences/ effects.
• Examples:
As a result then hence therefore
In that case for thus accordingly
 Conclusion/ Summary/ Restatement
These transition words and phrases conclude, summarize and or restate
ideas, or indicate a final general statement.
Example:
As can be seen generally speaking in the final analysis
All things considered in summary to sum up
All in all in short after all
 Quiz Time!
Write the letter of the correct transitional word together with its
corresponding purpose on your quiz notebook.
1.____________I met my former boyfriend, I never really understood the
meaning of the words unreliable.
a.Where b. before c. first of all
The transition indicate: time addition contrast
2. One reason people have dogs is for companionship; ________is for
protection.
a.Once b. frequently c. another
The transition indicates: illustration addition conclusion
3. _______Angry Birds is a new game; it has quickly become very popular.
a. Although b. when c. in the same way
The transition indicates: contrast cause and effect time
4. there’s no room in your mouth for your wisdom teeth, _______they will
have to be removed.
b. For example b. so c. but
The transition indicates: contrast cause and effect illustration
5. Turtles stay in their shells when they are frightened. _______dogs put
their tails between their legs in frightening situations.
a. After b. similarly c. therefore
the transition indicates: cause and effect comparison time
 Prepared by:

MARY JOYCE N. RAMOS

Instructor