SPYB 113 SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

INTRODUCTION TO
PSYCHOLOGY

Mr. K
FDS COBA
mkhairuddin@uniten.edu.my
016-7755788
 DEFINITION OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Psychology is the systematic, scientific study of
human behavior and mental process.

• Behavior : Any observable action / response of

human and animal (eg. eating, speaking, running)

• Mental process : Any action not directly observe, in

the form of wide range of complex mental processes.
(eg. thinking, imagining, studying, remembering)
WHEN PSYCHOLOGY BECOME A SCIENCE?
• Introduced by a German
Wilhelm Wundt (1832-
1920) when he
successfully developed
the first psychology lab
in University of Leipzig,
in Germany.

Wilhelm Wundt (1832-1920)

 GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY
• Describe the different ways of human
behavior
• To explain the cause of behavior
• To predict how organism behave in certain
situation
• To control organism behavior
MODERN PSYCHOLOGY APPROACH
• Approaches : focus / perspectives which may
use a particular research methods /
technique.
• Eg. Biology, cognitive, behavior,
psychoanalytic, humanistic, cross cultural,
evolutionary
Perspective and it’s Contributors Subject matter Basic Premise
prime time
Behavioral John. B Watson Effect of environment on Only observable events can be studied
(1913-now) Ivan Pavlov the overt behavior of (stimulus-response relations)
B.F skinner organism
Psychoanalytic Sigmund Freud Unconscious mind Unconscious motives and experience in
(1900-now) Carl Jung determinants of behavior early childhood govern personality and
Alfred Adler mental disorder
Humanistic Carl Rogers Unique aspects of human Humans are free, rational beings with
(1950-now) Abraham Maslow experience the potential for personal growth and
they are totally different from animal
Cognitive Jean Piaget Thought, mental processes Human behavior cannot be fully
(1950-now) Noam Chomsky understood without examining how
Herbert Simon people acquire, store and process
information
Biological James Olds Physiological bases of Organism functioning can be explained
(1950-now) Roger Sperry behavior in humans and in terms of bodily structure and
David Hubel animal biochemical process that underlie
Torsten Wiesel behavior
Evolutionary David Buss Evolutionary bases of Behavior pattern have evolved to solve
(1980-now) Marti n Daly behavior in human and adaptive problems, natural selection
Margo Wilson animal favors behaviors that enhance
Leda Cosmides reproductive success
John Tooby
 PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
• Biological approach : • Cognitive approach:
how genes, hormones, • How human process,
nervous system interact store, use information
with our environment and how information
that influence learning, influences what we
personality, memory, attend to, perceive to,
motivation, emotion learn, remember,
and coping techniques. believe and feel.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
• Behavioral approach: • Psychoanalytic approach:
• How human learn • How unconscious fear,
behavior or modify desire and motivation in
existing behavior thought, effect behaviors
depending on whether and the development of
events in environment personality traits and
is rewarding or psychological problem
punishing the behavior. later in life.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
• Humanistic approach: • Cross-cultural approach:
• Every person has great • Influence of culture and
freedom in directing ethnic similarities of the
their future, have large psychological and social
capacity for personal functioning of a cultural
growth, intrinsic member.
motivation and
potential for self-
fulfillment.
 PSYCHOLOGICAL APPROACHES
• Evolutionary approach:
• How evolutionary idea,
adaptation and natural
selection explain human
behavior and mental
process.

SIGMUND FREUD