Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

MATH 8-LESSON 8

FUNDAMENTAL
COUNTING PRINCIPLE
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
  
 This technique is used to determine the
number of outcomes of multiple independent
events.
 If event 1 can be performed in m1 ways; event
2 can be performed in m2 ways; event 3 can be
performed in m3 ways and so forth; then the
sequence of k operations can be performed in:
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
 Example 1: How many two-digit numbers of
two different digits can be formed from
integers 2,4,6, and 8.
Technique 1: By listing
24 26 28
42 46 48
62 64 68
82 84 86
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
 Example 1: How many two-digit numbers of
two different digits can be formed from
integers 2,4,6, and 8.
Technique 2: By using table
Units Digit
Tens
Digit 2 4 6 8
(2,4) (2,6) (2,8)
2 (4,2) (4,6) (4,8)
4 (6,2) (6,4) (6,8)
6 (8,2) (8,4) (8,6)
8
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
 Example 1: How many two-digit numbers of
two different digits can be formed from
integers 2,4,6, and 8.
Technique 3: By using a Tree Diagram
4 =24
2 =62
2 6 =26
6 4 =64
8 =28
8 =68

2 =42 2 =82
4 6 =46 8 4 =84
8 =48 6 =86
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
1. How many different four-digit numbers can be formed from
integers 1,3,5,7, and 9 if:
a. If repetition is allowed. How many of these are even and
are odd?
b. If repetition is not allowed. How many of these are even
and are odd?
2. How many sets of answers are possible for a true-or-false
exam of 15 questions?
3. How many 3-digit numbers greater than 500 can be formed
from integers 4,5,6,7,8,and 9?
4. There are five roads between your city, Taguig and Paranaque,
and four from Paranaque and Muntinlupa. In how many ways
can you walk your place to Muntinlupa and return, passing
through Paranaque on both trips, without traveling on the
same road twice?
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

FUNDAMENTAL COUNTING
PRINCIPLES
5. How many automobile license plates can be made if the
inscription on each contains three letters followed by 2 different
digits? Assume that there are 26 letters.
6. Janus must take the following courses such as Statistics,
Philosophy, and Thermodynamics. He may select any of the 3
Statistics courses, any of the 4 Philosophy courses, and 5
Thermodynamics courses. In how many ways can he arrange
his program?
7. A girl has 10 pants, 12 blouses, and 8 pairs of shoes. In how
many different ways can she dress up?
8. How many different ways can a President, Vice President,
Secretary, and a Treasurer be selected from 45 students?
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FACTORIAL
  
 Factorial n is denoted by , which is read as “
factorial”. To take or factorial means to
multiply
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FACTORIAL

 Example
   1: Simplify   Example 1: Solve for
n
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PERMUTATION

 Is
   used for counting the number of ways to choose
and arrange a given number of objects from a set
of objects.
Rule 1: When the number of n distinct objects taken
r at a time.

Example 1: In how many ways can five people be

seated in a room of 12 chairs is:
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION

  used for counting the number of ways to choose

 Is

and arrange a given number of objects from a set
of objects.
Rule 2: When the number of n distinct objects is to
be arranged all at a time, and where none of these
items are repeated, the number of permutations is
computed by taking

Example 1: How many different signals can be made

using 7 flags if all the flags must be used in each
signal?
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION

 Is

 arrange
used for counting the number of ways to choose and
a given number of objects from a set of objects.
Rule 3: When the number of distinct permutations of
things if which n1 is one of kind, n2 of a second kind, … nk of
a kth kind is:

Example 1: How many different ways can 5 red, 7 yellow,

and 9 blue bulbs be arranged in a string of Christmas tree
lights with 21 sockets?
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION

 arrange
 Is used for counting the number of ways to choose and
a given number of objects from a set of objects.
Rule 4: When the number of permutation of distinct
objects arranged in a circle is:

Example 1: In how many ways can 12 beads be put

together to form a bracelet.
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION

 arrange
 Is used for counting the number of ways to choose and
a given number of objects from a set of objects.
Rule 5: When the number ways of partitioning a set of n
objects into r cells with n1 elements in the first cell, n2
elements in the second, and so on, is:

Example 1: How many ways can 17 people be assigned to

three-triple and four-double rooms?
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COMBINATION

 certain
 Is used for counting the number of ways to choose a
number of objects from a set of objects (the
order/arrangement of the object doesn’t matter).

Example 1: How many ways are there to select five juniors

and seven seniors from a school chorus with 20 juniors and
25 seniors to sing in the concert of a popular star?
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

1. In how many ways a committee of 7 be chosen from a club of
20 members?
2. In an examination paper, any 8 questions may be omitted from
30 questions given. In how many ways may the selection be
made?
3. From a box containing 15 red and 25 blue balls, in how many
ways can 12 balls be drawn of which 5 are red and 7 are blue?
4. In how many ways can a couple choose 3 different desserts
from a menu of 15 desserts?
5. How many signals can be made by arranging 15 flags in a line
if 4 are red, 6 are yellow, and 5 are blue?
6. There are 5 couples to be seated at a round table, find the
number of seating arrangement if each couple will not be
separated?
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

7. There are 20 people to be seated at a round table. Find the
number of seating arrangements if the host and hostess are to
sit next to each other.
8. From a group of 10 men and 15 women, how many
committees of size 9 are possible a) with no restrictions; b)
with 6 men and 3 women; c) with 5 men and 4 women if a
certain man must be on the committee?
9. A college plays 15 basketball games during a season. In how
many ways can the team end the season with 9 wins and 6
losses?
10. If 25 cars are entered in a car show, how many different ways
will the judges award a first, second, and third prize?
11. How many different permutations of the letters are there in ech
of the following words: a) Mathematics; b) Accounting; c)
difficult ; d) gorgeous; e) university
 Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

PERMUTATION AND COMBINATION

12. Albert has 15 coins of different denominations. How many
different sums of money can be formed using 3 coins at a
time?
13. A committee of 7 people must be selected from 8 men and 7
women. How many ways can a selection be done if there are at
least 4 men on the committee?
14. A subcommittee of 5 representatives is to be selected from 10
men and 12 women members of the finance committee. In how
many ways can the subcommittee be selected? a) so that it
consists of 3 men and 2 women; b) so that at least one is in
the subcommittee? c) so that at least one woman is a member
of the subcommittee? d) so that each sex is represented?
Technological University of the Philippines-Taguig

END OF PRESENTATION