Mass Volume and Molecules Stoichiometry

Mass, Volume, and
Molecules
Stoichiometry
Review: mole-mole Stoichiometry
If you are given the number of moles of one substance, you can use the coefficients in a
balanced equation to calculate the number of moles of something else.
Example: How many moles of HCl will be needed to make 7.4 moles of AlCl 3?
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

(Solve this in you notes before you move on! Try to use dimensional analysis!)
Review: Mole-Mole Stoichiometry

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3
Trying to find: ? mol HCl



7.4 mol AlCl3

7.4 mol AlCl3

7.4 mol AlCl3
2 mol AlCl3

7.4 mol AlCl3 6 mol AlCl3
2 mol AlCl3

= 22.2
Trying to find: ? mol HCl mol AlCl3
2 mol AlCl3

= 22.2
Trying to find: ? mol HCl mol AlCl3
2 mol AlCl3
The coefficients in a balanced equation represent a ratio of

moles!!!

moles!!!
But what if you are given grams?

moles!!!
But what if you are given grams?
You will have to convert to moles first!
Mass-Mass Stoichiometry
Example: How many grams of HCl will be needed to make 28.2 grams of AlCl3?

Given:
Trying to find:
Given:
Trying to find:
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
Trying to find:
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
Trying to find:
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
Trying to find: ? g HCl

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
The coefficients in the balanced equation represent a mole

ratio!!! You need to change grams to moles before you can
solve this!
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
Step 1: Convert to moles

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
We’re given grams, so we need molar mass.

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
Molar mass of AlCl3 (from per. table): 133.339g = 1 mol

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
28.2 g AlCl3
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3
28.2 g AlCl3 1 mol AlCl3

133.339 g
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g Grams go on the bottom so they can cancel!
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
(Don’t round your answer yet! You’re not done!)
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

Now you need to change moles of AlCl3 (what you
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3 were given) into moles of HCl (what you are trying
to find).

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

Now you need to change moles of AlCl3 (what you
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3 were given) into moles of HCl (what you are trying
to find).
Trying to find: ? g HCl You will use the coefficients in your balanced
equation (a mole ratio).

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

0.21149 mol AlCl3
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

0.21149 mol AlCl3
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

0.21149 mol AlCl3 6 mol HCl
Given: 28.2 g AlCl3 2 mol AlCl3

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

AlCl3 on the bottom so units cancel!

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio


133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Trying to find: ? g HCl (Don’t round yet!)

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Now you know how many moles of HCl you need,
Step 1: Convert to moles but the problem asks how many grams.

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Now you know how many moles of HCl you need,
Step 1: Convert to moles but the problem asks how many grams.
28.2 g AlCl3 1 mol AlCl3 You have one more step, to convert moles of HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3 into grams.
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Step 3: Convert moles to grams

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles 0.63447 mol HCl

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles 0.63447 mol HCl

133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Molar mass of HCl: 36.461 g = 1 mol
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles 0.63447 mol HCl 36.461 g HCl

1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Molar mass of HCl: 36.461 g = 1 mol
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
(Moles on the bottom so they
can cancel!)
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
= 23.1 grams HCl
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
= 23.1 grams HCl
(This is the answer to the
problem! Now you can round!)
Step 2: Mole Ratio

= 0.63447 mol HCl


1 mol HCl
133.339 g = 0.21149 mol AlCl3
= 23.1 grams HCl
This is your answer!

Mass, Volume, and Molecules
Stoichiometry
Most stoichiometry problems follow the same three steps:
Stoichiometry
1. Convert what you were given into moles.

Stoichiometry
(Use 1 mole = molar mass, 22.4L, or 6.02x1023)

Stoichiometry
2. Use the coefficients in the balanced equation to convert moles you were given to moles
you’re trying to find.
Stoichiometry
3. Convert the moles you’re trying to find into mass, volume, or molecules.
Stoichiometry
3. Convert the moles you’re trying to find into mass, volume, or molecules.

Stoichiometry
Try #16 in the packet.
Stoichiometry
Try #16 in the packet.
First balance the equation.
(Don’t advance the slide until you’ve tried each step on your own!)
Stoichiometry
16. How much silver (in grams) can be extracted from 6,830 g of AgCl?
2 AgCl → 2 Ag + Cl2
Stoichiometry
Next, fill out “Given” and “Trying to Find.”

Stoichiometry
Given: 6,830 g AgCl
Trying to find: ? g Ag
Stoichiometry
Given: 6,830 g AgCl
Next, do step 1: Convert the grams you’re given into moles.

Stoichiometry
Given: 6,830 g AgCl
Next, do step 1: Convert the grams you’re given into moles.
(Use molar mass from the per. table!)

Stoichiometry
Given: 6,830 g AgCl
6830 g AgCl 1 mol AgCl

143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
Stoichiometry
Given: 6,830 g AgCl

Step 2: Use the coefficients to change from
moles of AgCl to moles of Ag.

143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
Stoichiometry
2 AgCl → 2 Ag + Cl2 Step 2: Mole Ratio
47.655 mol AlCl3 2 mol Ag

Given: 6,830 g AgCl 2 mol AgCl
Trying to find: ? g Ag = 47.655 mol Ag

143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
Stoichiometry


143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
Stoichiometry


Step 3: Convert moles of Ag to grams of Ag.
143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl (Use molar mass!)
Stoichiometry

Step 1: Convert to moles 47.655 mol Ag 107.87 g Ag

1 mol Ag
143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
= 5,140 grams Ag
Stoichiometry

Step 1: Convert to moles 47.655 mol Ag 107.87 g Ag

1 mol Ag
143.321 g = 47.655 mol AgCl
= 5,140 grams Ag

Stoichiometry Road Map
Stoichiomety almost always follow the same three steps:

2. Convert moles of what you were given into moles of what you’re trying to find.
2. Convert moles of what you were given into moles of what you’re trying to find.
3. Convert moles of what you’re trying to find into whatever unit the problem asks for
(grams, liters, or molecules).
Look on the back of the last page of your stoichiometry packet.
You will find a roadmap to help you remember the steps.
We are only working from the top half of the road map right now!
A represents what you are
given and B represents what
A represents what you are
given and B represents what
In the previous problem, we

changed Grams of A into
Grams of B.
The three steps we did follow
the roadmap.
The three steps we did follow
the roadmap.
Step 1 Step 2 Step 3

Look at #18 in your packet.
What steps will you follow?
What conversion factors will

you need?
Number 18 starts with liters
of gas (at STP) and asks to
you solve for liters.
Step 1 Step 3
Step 2
Number 18 starts with liters
of gas (at STP) and asks to
you solve for liters.
Step 1 Step 3
Your first and third steps will
both use 22.4L = 1 mole. Step 2
The middle step will still use
the coefficients in the
balanced equation.
Step 1 Step 3
(Just like step 2 in the
previous problem.) Step 2
Try #18.
Don’t advance the slide until Step 1 Step 3

you’ve set it up and solved it Step 2
yourself!
Stoichiometry
16. What volume of hydrogen gas is needed to react with 5.0 L of nitrogen gas?
N2 + 3H2 → 2NH3 Step 2: Mole Ratio
0.2232 mol N2 3 mol H2

Given: 5.0 L N2 1 mol N2
= 0.6696 mol H2
Trying to find: ? L H2
Step 1: Convert to moles 0.6696 mol H2 22.4 L H2

1 mol H2
5.0 L N2 1 mol N2
= 0.2232 mol N2
22.4 L N2
= 15 L H2

Do the rest of problems #16-
21 on your own!
You will only use the top half

of the roadmap!
Do the rest of problems #16-
21 on your own!
You will only use the top half

of the roadmap!
(We will learn how to do
problems from the bottom
half later in the unit.)

Mass Volume and Molecules Stoichiometry

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Mass Volume and Molecules Stoichiometry

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Mass, Volume, and

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

Trying to find: ? mol HCl

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

Trying to find: ? mol HCl

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 7.4 mol AlCl3

The coefficients in a balanced equation represent a ratio of

The coefficients in a balanced equation represent a ratio of

The coefficients in a balanced equation represent a ratio of

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

The coefficients in the balanced equation represent a mole

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles

We’re given grams, so we need molar mass.

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles

Molar mass of AlCl3 (from per. table): 133.339g = 1 mol

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2

Given: 28.2 g AlCl3

Trying to find: ? g HCl

Step 1: Convert to moles

28.2 g AlCl3 1 mol AlCl3

2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2