Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter – 9
Contents
Introduction Sample Problem 9.6
Moments of Inertia of an Area Sample Problem 9.7
Moment of Inertia of an Area by Mohr’s Circle for Moments and
Integration Products of Inertia
Polar Moment of Inertia Sample Problem 9.8
Radius of Gyration of an Area Moment of Inertia of a Mass
Sample Problem 9.1 Parallel Axis Theorem
Sample Problem 9.2 Moment of Inertia of Thin Plates
Parallel Axis Theorem Moment of Inertia of a 3D Body by
Moments of Inertia of Composite Integration
Areas Moment of Inertia of Common
Sample Problem 9.4 Geometric Shapes
Sample Problem 9.5 Sample Problem 9.12
Product of Inertia Moment of Inertia With Respect to an
Principal Axes and Principal Arbitrary Axis
Moments of Inertia Ellipsoid of Inertia. Principle Axes of
Axes of Inertia of a Mass
Introduction
• Will now consider forces which are proportional to the area or volume
over which they act but also vary linearly with distance from a given
axis.
- It will be shown that the magnitude of the resultant depends on the
first moment of the force distribution with respect to the axis.
- The point of application of the resultant depends on the second
moment of the distribution with respect to the axis.
• Current chapter will present methods for computing the moments and
products of inertia for areas and masses.
Moment of Inertia of an Area
• Consider distributed forces F whose magnitudes
A on which
are proportional to the elemental areas
Aof
they act and also vary linearly with the distance
from a given axis.
• Example: Consider a beam subjected to pure bending.
Internal forces vary linearly with distance from the
neutral axis which passes through the section centroid.
F kyA
R k y dA 0 y dA Q x first moment
M k y 2 dA 2
y dA second moment
• Example: Consider the net hydrostatic force on a
submerged circular gate.
F pA yA
R y dA
M x y 2 dA
Moment of Inertia of an Area by Integration
• Second moments or moments of inertia of
an area with respect to the x and y axes,
I x y 2 dA I y x 2 dA
kO2 k x2 k y2
Sample Problem 9.1
SOLUTION:
• A differential strip parallel to the x axis is chosen for
dA.
dI x y 2 dA dA l dy
h
2 2h y bh 2
I x y dA y b dy hy y 3 dy
0 h h0
h
b y3 y 4 bh3
h I x
h 3 4 12
0
Sample Problem 9.2
SOLUTION:
• An annular differential area element is chosen,
dJ O u 2dA dA 2 u du
r r
J O dJ O u 2 u du 2 u 3du
2
0 0
4
JO r
2
I y 2 dA y d 2 dA
y 2 dA 2d y dA d 2 dA
54 r 4
I BB I AA Ad 2 12
1 bh3 1 bh 1 h
2 3
2
1 bh3
36
Moments of Inertia of Composite Areas
SOLUTION:
• Determine location of the centroid of
composite section with respect to a
coordinate system with origin at the
centroid of the beam section.
• Apply the parallel axis theorem to
determine moments of inertia of beam
section and plate with respect to
The strength of a W14x38 rolled steel composite section centroidal axis.
beam is increased by attaching a plate • Calculate the radius of gyration from the
to its upper flange.
moment of inertia of the composite
Determine the moment of inertia and section.
radius of gyration with respect to an
axis which is parallel to the plate and
passes through the centroid of the
section.
Sample Problem 9.4
SOLUTION:
• Determine location of the centroid of composite section
with respect to a coordinate system with origin at the
centroid of the beam section.
yA 50.12 in 3
Y A yA Y 2.792 in.
A 17.95 in 2
Sample Problem 9.4
I x 618 in 4
SOLUTION:
• Compute the moments of inertia of the
bounding rectangle and half-circle with
respect to the x axis.
• The moment of inertia of the shaded area is
obtained by subtracting the moment of
inertia of the half-circle from the moment
of inertia of the rectangle.
Determine the moment of inertia
of the shaded area with respect to
the x axis.
Sample Problem 9.5
SOLUTION:
• Compute the moments of inertia of the bounding
rectangle and half-circle with respect to the x axis.
Rectangle:
I x 13 bh3 13 240 120 138.2 106 mm4
Half-circle:
moment of inertia with respect to AA’,
I AA 18 r 4 18 90 4 25.76 106 mm4
4r 4 90
I x I AA Aa 2 25.76 106 12.72 103
a 38.2 mm 7.20 106 mm4
3 3
b 120 - a 81.8 mm
moment of inertia with respect to x,
A 12 r 12 90
2 2
I x I x Ab2 7.20 106 12.72 103 81.8 2
12.72 103 mm2 92.3 106 mm4
Sample Problem 9.5
• Product of Inertia:
I xy xy dA
SOLUTION:
• Determine the product of inertia using
direct integration with the parallel axis
theorem on vertical differential area strips
• Apply the parallel axis theorem to
evaluate the product of inertia with respect
to the centroidal axes.
SOLUTION:
• Determine the product of inertia using direct integration
with the parallel axis theorem on vertical differential
area strips
x x
y h1 dA y dx h1 dx
b b
x
xel x yel 12 y 12 h1
b
I xy 1 b2h2
24
Sample Problem 9.6
1 b 2h 2
I xy 72
Sample Problem 9.7
SOLUTION:
• Compute the product of inertia with
respect to the xy axes by dividing the
section into three rectangles and applying
the parallel axis theorem to each.
• Determine the orientation of the
principal axes (Eq. 9.25) and the
principal moments of inertia (Eq. 9. 27).
For the section shown, the moments of
inertia with respect to the x and y axes
are Ix = 10.38 in4 and Iy = 6.97 in4.
Determine (a) the orientation of the
principal axes of the section about O,
and (b) the values of the principal
moments of inertia about O.
Sample Problem 9.7
SOLUTION:
• Compute the product of inertia with respect to the xy axes
by dividing the section into three rectangles.
Apply the parallel axis theorem to each rectangle,
I xy I xy x yA
Note that the product of inertia with respect to centroidal
axes parallel to the xy axes is zero for each rectangle.
I xy x yA 6.56 in 4
Sample Problem 9.7
2
4 Ix I y Ix I y
I x 10.38 in I max,min 2
I xy
2 2
I y 6.97 in 4
2
10.38 6.97 10.38 6.97
6.56
4 2
I xy 6.56 in
2 2
I a I max 15.45 in 4
I b I min 1.897 in 4
Mohr’s Circle for Moments and Products of Inertia
SOLUTION:
• Plot the points (Ix , Ixy) and (Iy ,-Ixy).
Construct Mohr’s circle based on the
circle diameter between the points.
• Based on the circle, determine the
orientation of the principal axes and the
principal moments of inertia.
The moments and product of inertia • Based on the circle, evaluate the
with respect to the x and y axes are Ix = moments and product of inertia with
7.24x106 mm4, Iy = 2.61x106 mm4, and respect to the x’y’ axes.
Ixy = -2.54x106 mm4.
Using Mohr’s circle, determine (a) the
principal axes about O, (b) the values of
the principal moments about O, and (c)
the values of the moments and product
of inertia about the x’ and y’ axes
Sample Problem 9.8
SOLUTION:
• Plot the points (Ix , Ixy) and (Iy ,-Ixy). Construct Mohr’s
circle based on the circle diameter between the points.
OC I ave 12 I x I y 4.925 106 mm4
CD 12 I x I y 2.315 106 mm4
• In SI units,
I r 2 dm kg m 2
In U.S. customary units,
lb s 2 2
I slug ft
2
ft
ft lb ft s 2
Parallel Axis Theorem
I x I x m y 2 z 2
I y I y m z 2 x 2
I z I z m x 2 y 2
I AA I BB t I AA,area t 14 r 4 14 mr 2
I CC I AA I BB 12 mr 2
Moments of Inertia of a 3D Body by Integration
SOLUTION:
• With the forging divided into a prism and
two cylinders, compute the mass and
moments of inertia of each component
with respect to the xyz axes using the
parallel axis theorem.
• Add the moments of inertia from the
components to determine the total moments
of inertia for the forging.
1 m 3a 2 L2 mx 2
I y 12
1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829 212.5 2
4.17 103 lb ft s 2
each cylinder :
3
V 490 lb/ft 1 3 in 2
3
I y 12
1 m 3a 2 L2 m x 2 y 2
m
g
1728 in 3 ft 3 32.2 ft s 2 1 0.0829 3 1
12
12
2 123 2 0.0829 212.5 2 122 2
m 0.0829 lb s 2 ft 6.48 103 lb ft s 2
Sample Problem 9.12
1 m c 2 a 2 1 0.211 2
I y 12 12 12
2 122 2
0.977 103 lb ft s 2
• Add the moments of inertia from the
components to determine the total moments of
I x 4.88 103 2 2.59 103
inertia.
prism : I x 10.06 103 lb ft s 2
m
V
490 lb/ft3 2 2 6 in 3
I y 0.977 103 2 4.17 103
g
1728 in 3 ft 3 32.2 ft s 2 I y 9.32 103 lb ft s 2
m 0.211 lb s 2 ft
I z 4.88 103 2 6.48 103
I z 17.84 103 lb ft s 2
Moment of Inertia With Respect to an Arbitrary Axis
• Expressing and r in terms of the vector
components and expanding yields
I OL I x 2x I y 2y I z 2z
2 I xy x y 2 I yz y z 2 I zx z x