Presented by

DR. ANITA C. SORNITO

Seminar-Workshop on Moving Towards

Resource Description and Access (RDA)”April
21-22, 2014, Ateneo de Zamboanga University,
Zamboanga City

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FRBR

 What is FRBR?
 Why do we need it?
 Where and how can we use it?

2
 What is FRBR?
 Functional Requirements for Bibliographic
Records
 IFLA publication 1998
 FRBR Review Group

3
Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
• Entity-relationship model
• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3
• Relationships
• Attributes
• User tasks
• Find
• Identify
• Select
• Obtain
• National level record
elements (mandatory & optional data)

4
Bibliographic Universe
• Books
• Serials
• Maps, globes, etc.
• Manuscripts.
• Musical scores
• A-V
• sound recordings
• motion pictures
• photographs, slides
• Multimedia
• “Remote” digital
materials
• Etc.
 What’s a conceptual
model?
 Abstract depiction of the universe of things
being described
 The things in that universe (entities)
 Identifying characteristics of those entities
(attributes)
 The relationships among the entities

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 FRBR’s
 Entities Entity-Relationship
Model
 Relationships
 Attributes (data elements)

relationship

One Entity Another Entity

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FRBR’s Entity-
Relationship Model
Person

Work
created
was created by
Shakespeare Hamlet

8
FRBR Entities
Group 1: Products of intellectual & artistic
endeavor = bibliographic resources
 Work
 Expression
 Manifestation
 Item

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 Work

is realized through
Expression
Intellectual/
artistic content

Physical - is embodied in
recording of Manifestation
content

is exemplified by
Item
Vocabulary

 “Book”
–Door prop
(item)
–“publication”
at bookstore
any copy
(manifestation)
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Vocabulary

 “Book”
–Who translated?
(expression)
–Who wrote?
(work)

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 Work Group 1
is realized through

Expression
is embodied in

Manifestation
recursive

one is exemplified by

many
Item
1
Elements to Describe Resources
 Work  Manifestation
  ID
ID 
 Title
Title  Statement of responsibility
 Date  Edition
 etc.  Imprint (place, publisher, date)
 Form/extent of carrier
 Terms of availability
 Mode of access
 Expression  etc.
 ID
 Form  Item
 Date  ID
 Language  Provenance
 etc.  Location
 etc.

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 Books

Videocassettes
DVDs
Manifestations
CDs
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 Les Trois Mousquetaires
French

text movie

Expressions

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 Work

Creator
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Examples
1. Leatherbound autographed copy in Rare Books
Collection?
Item
2. Digitized version of the Oxford University Press
text published in 2008?
Manifestation
3. French translation?
4. London Symphony OrchestraExpression
2005
performance?
5. Hamlet? Expression
Work

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 Family of Works
Equivalent Derivative Descriptive
Free
Review
Translation
Microform Edition Casebook
Summary
Reproduction Abstract Dramatization
Simultaneous Abridged Digest Criticism
“Publication” Edition Novelization
Screenplay
Copy Libretto
Illustrated Evaluation
Revision
Edition Change of Genre
Exact
Parody Annotated
Reproduction Translation Expurgated
Imitation Edition
Edition

Variations Same Style or

Facsimile Arrangement Thematic Content
or Versions Commentary
Slight
Reprint Adaptation
Modification

Original Same Work –

Cataloging Rules New Work
Work - Same New Expression
Expression Cut-Off Point 19
 Work Relationships
Expression  Inherent among the
Group 1 entities
Manifestation
 Content relationships
Item
among works/expressions
 Structural
Whole-Part

Derivative Sequential
Accompanying
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FRBR Entities

Group 2: Those responsible for the

intellectual & artistic content = Parties
• Person
• Corporate body
• Family [from FRAD]

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 Work

Expression Group 2
Manifestation

Item

is owned by Person
is produced by
Family
is realized by
is created by Corporate Body

many
Relationship vs. Element

Created by
Work Creates Person
Hamlet

Shakespeare
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Subject Relationship

Created by
Work Creates Person
ha
is s
su su b
b je je
ct ct
of

Concept/Topic

2
FRBR Entities
Group 3:Subjects of works
• Groups 1 & 2 plus
• Concept
• Object
• Event
• Place
• Subject relationship

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 Work
Work
has as subject Expression
Manifestation
Item

has as subject Person Family

Corporate Body

Concept

has as subject
Object Group 3
Event
Place many
Why do we need FRBR?
 Improve the user experience in locating
information
 Guide systems designs for the future
 Guide rule makers
 Cut costs for the description and access to
resources in our libraries
 Position information providers to better
operate in the Internet environment and
beyond

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 Applications of the Conceptual
Model
 FRBR is conceptual
model
 No application is
prescribed
 Opportunities for the
future in new systems
designs
 Natl. Lib. Australia
 Variations3, etc.
 Keep user foremost in
mind

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FRBR Benefits
 Collocation
Better organization to catalog
More options to display
 Identifying elements
 Pathways

☑ Simplify cataloging
enabling links and
re-use of identifying elements
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 Collocation
Shakespeare
 Objectives of a Hamlet
catalog: display Romeo and
 All the works English Juliet
associated with a French
person, etc.
 All the expressions of German
the same work
 All the manifestations Tagalog
of the same Manila
expression
 All items/copies of the 2008
same manifestation
Library of Congress
Copy 1
Green leather binding
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 Pathways to Related Works
Stoppard Shakespeare
it ve Hamlet
Rosencrantz & Guildenstern ir va ks Romeo and
Are Dead De wor English Juliet
French

Text
Movies German
…
je ct Tagalog
b
Su Manila
2008

Library of Congress
Copy 1
Green leather binding
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Collocation by Works

 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616.

+ All’s well that ends well
+ As you like it
+ Hamlet
+ Macbeth
+ Midsummer night’s dream
+ …

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Collocation by Family of
Works and Expressions
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
+ Texts
+ Motion Pictures
+ Sound Recordings

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Collocation by
Expressions
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
+ Texts – Danish
+ Texts – Dutch
+ Texts – English
+ Texts – French
+ Texts – Spanish
+ Motion Pictures – English
+ Sound Recordings - English

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Collocation of
Manifestations
 Shakespeare, William, 1564-1616. Hamlet.
- Motion pictures – English
+ 1964 Director, Bill Collegan
+ 1990 Director, Kevin Kline, Kirk Browning
+ 1990 Director, Franco Zeffirelli
+ 1992 Director, Maria Muat
+ 1996 Director, Kenneth Branagh
+ 2000 Director, Campbell Scott, Eric Simonson

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FRBR Display - Serial
 Atlantic monthly
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)
 Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)
 Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

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FRBR Display - Serial
 Atlantic monthly
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1993)
 Online
 Paper
 Microfilm
 Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1981)
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1971)
 Atlantic (Boston, Mass. : 1932)
 Atlantic monthly (Boston, Mass. : 1857)

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FRBR Benefits
Circulation: Place holds at “Work” or
“Expression” level rather than only at
manifestation level
(VTLS and OCLC demonstrate this)

Hamlet
English

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Functional Requirements for
Bibliographic Records (FRBR)
• Entity-relationship model
• Entities: Group 1, 2, 3
• Relationships
• Attributes (Elements)
• User tasks
• Find
• Identify
• Select
• Obtain
• National level record
elements (mandatory & optional data)

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FRBR–Based Systems
Concept Person

Work Person

Expression

Manifestation

Manifestation
Item
Corporate body
Item
Item
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