SFL

(Systemic Functional
Linguistics)
in
Discourse Analysis
 Systemic Functional Linguistics
• SFL is an approach of language study developed by M. A.
K. Halliday (Word Linguist From British and now lives in
Australia) which English is as the language study. (now it
has been applied in languages)
• J. R. Martin (world Linguist from Canada and now lives in
Australia) develops and enriches SFL Theory in texts
• SFL Elaborates and details the aspects of language;
lexicogrammar and the application in a study or
Discourse Analysis 2
 Interpersonal Function
IDEOLOGY
Textual Function
Ideational Function Culture

SITUATION
WHO

HOW
WHAT Semantic
(Discourse)
Negotiation
Idea/ Identification
Conjunction

Lexicogrammar
Mood Theme/
Transitivity/ Rheme
Taxis
Phonetics /
Phonology/
Figure 7 Realization of
Graphology Metafunctions in Semiotics of
Language Usage 3
 Metafunctions
1. Ideational Function (draw, describe)
1. Experiential function (represent)
2. Logical function (relate)
2. Interpersonal Function (exchange)
3. Textual Function (organize)

Grammar: Theory of experience: theory of how

experience is represented, related, exchanged and
organized. (also technically called Lexicogrammar). It
is concerned in Discourse Analysis with reference to
Systemic functional Linguistics
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 Discourse Analysis
discourse: a linguistic unit which is functional in context
(discourse=text)

linguistic unit: sound, morpheme, word, group/phrase,

clause, clause complex, paragraph, book

functional: doing something, meaningful, full of meaning,

expressing meaning (function = meaning)

context: (co+text, co=‘together with’, ‘accompany’ –

anything that goes with or is together with the text)
1. linguistic context
2. social context
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 Linguistic Context

also called cotext, internal context

any linguistic unit which precedes or follows one
in question
green
1. The lady is wearing a green hat.
2. We do not want to eat the green fruit.
3. Ben is still green; he is not supposed to do the
work
4. There is a green light for his proposal.
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 1.1 Experiential Function
- CLAUSE as a unit of experience
- Three elements representing experience in CLAUSE
- CLAUSE as a unit of experience
1. Process (verb traditionally)
2. Participant(s) (Subject and object traditionally)
3. Circumstance(s) (adverb Traditionally)
• He bought a book yesterday

He bought a book yesterday.

Participant Process Participant Circumstance

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 Process
• Nucleus of experience: atomic or solar systems
• Attract or bind the Participant(s)
• Valency
1. avalent (rain, snow…)
2. monovalent (walk, go, sleep…)
3. bivalent (hit, see, meet…)
4. trivalent (send, buy, tell…)
5. quavalent (do, build, make…)
He made me a box for pleasure.
Circumstance is not governed by Process
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 Valency of Process
1. Ben slept slept

Ben

2. Ben saw a cat

saw
Ben
a cat

3. Ben bought his wife a book

bought
Ben
his wife
a book

4. It rained rained
it
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 Types of Process
Process Participant I Participant II

1. Material Actor Goal

2. Mental Senser Phenomenon
3. Relational
a. Identification Token Value
b. Attribution Carrier Attribute
c. Possession Possessor Possessed
4. Behavioral Behaver --
5. Verbal Sayer Verbiage
6. Existential -- Existent
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MATERIAL The process of doing; express
PROCESS the notion that some entity does
something

THE LION SPRANG

Actor Material Process

THE LION CAUGHT THE TOURITS

Actor Process Goal
Material
 THE TOURIST WAS CAUGHT BY THE LION
Goal Process Material Actor

ADIK MEMUKUL KUCING KEMARIN

Actor Process Goal Circumstance
Material

THE TWO SCHOOLS COMBINED

Actor Process Material

THE TWO SCHOOLS WERE COMBINED

Goal Process Material

Jack and Jill went up the hill
to fetch a pail of water
Jack fell down
and broke his crown
And Jill came tumbling
after up jack got
and home he trot
As fast as he could caper
Went to bed
to mend his head
with vinegar and brown paper
Analyze these clause based on valency of process
and material process
1. She reads a novel
2. My sister cooks fried noodle
3. The gun discharged
4. The fuel ignites
5. The mayor dissolved the committee
6. I reach my lip gloss
7. I make a grab
8. She opens a wardrobe door
9. Mom takes a sip of coffee
10. The car crashed into a tree
11. She carried the bomb
12. Ambulance crews, firefighters and police help
passengers from the water
13. Mrs. Dayu and Mr. Yudish teach writing skill