I. TOPIC
SUBJECT -VERB AGREEMENT
(Few of the many rules)
II. OBJECTIVES
1. Review the S-V rules to strengthen
knowledge in constructing accurate sentences.
2. Select a Picture as reference for dialogue.
3. Create a dialogue interpreting meaning and
situations in the picture.
4. Illustrate a communication process/
conversation based on the selected
picture/image.
III. DISCUSSION OF THE TOPIC
SUBJECT-VERB AGREEMENT
(Few of the Many Rules)
1. Use verbs that agree with a subject, not
with a noun that is part of a modifying
phrase or clause between verb and subject.
The pot of eggs is boiling on the stove.
Trays of eggs are arranged for online
selling.
2. Use singular or plural verbs that agree
with the subject, not with the complement of
the subject.
My favorite type of movie is comedies.
Comedies are my favorite type of movie.
3. The words and phrases "each," "each
one," "either," "neither," "everyone,"
"everybody," "anyone," "anybody,"
"nobody," "somebody," "someone," and "no
one" are singular and require a singular
verb.
Everyone is required to attend the seminar.
No one is allowed to enter the room.
4. Use plural verbs with plural indefinite
pronouns.
Many outcomes are possible.
5. Use singular verbs with uncountable
nouns.
Diabetes affects many people in the world.
Education is one tool to change status of life.
6. Some uncountable nouns in English such
as earnings, goods, odds, surroundings,
proceeds, contents, and valuables only have
a plural form and take a plural verb.
The proceeds of this fund raising is to provide
school supplies for the less fortunate pupils.
All the nails are spilled on the floor.
7. Use plural verbs with compound subjects
that include and.
The dog and the cat are outside.
8. Use plural verbs or singular verbs,
depending on the form of the noun nearest
the verb, with compound subjects that
include nor or or.
Either the dog or the cats are responsible for
the mess.
Either the cats or the dog is responsible for the
mess. (It is technically correct but is awkward.)
9. Use singular verbs with inverted subjects
that include singular nouns.
Why is my hat outside in the rain?
On my table are boxes of chocolates.
Inside my drawer is a copy of the things I will
bring for the training.
(Examples are inverted sentences. Remember
that the verb agrees with the subject at the
latter part of the sentence.)
10. In sentences beginning with "there is" or
"there are," the subject follows the verb.
Since "there" is not the subject, the verb
agrees with what follows the verb.
There is little administrative support.
There are many factors affecting teacher
retention. There are several hats outside in the
rain.
11.Use singular or plural verbs with
collective nouns depending on meaning.
His staff is assembled. (If taken as a whole
group)
Staff are asked to go to the conference room
immediately.
(In the first sentence, the emphasis is on the
body of employees; In the second sentence, the
focus is on compliance by each individual in the
body of employees.)
12. Use singular verbs for designations of
entities, such as nations or organizations, or
compositions, such as books or films.
The United Nations is headquartered in New
York.
13. Use singular verbs for plural subjects in
form but singular in meaning.
Physics is my favorite subject.
Economics is a study of the wealth and source
of income of the country.
14. Use singular or plural verbs for
SUBJECTS plural in form but plural or
singular in meaning depending on the
context.

The economics of the situation are complicated.

Economics is a complicated topic.

15. Use plural verbs for SUBJECTS plural in

form and meaning.

The tweezers are in the cupboard.

Scissors are kept safely in the cabinet.

16. Attach plural nouns to the phrase one of

those.

I am one of those eccentrics who do not tweet.

The man in the room is one of those robbers
who was captured by the policemen.

17. Use singular verbs in constructions of

the form “the only one of those (blank) who .
. .”

I am the only one of my friends who does not

tweet.

18. Use singular verbs in constructions of

the form “the number of.”

The number of people here boggles the mind.

The number of enrollees goes beyond what is
expected.

19. Use plural verbs in constructions of the

form “a number of.”

A number of people here disagree.

A number of customers returned their orders.

20. Use singular verbs in construction of the

forms “every and many a”.

Every good boy does fine.

Many a true word is spoken in jest.

IV. REMINDER/S

Remember that there are more rules about

subject-verb agreement. Thus, you may review
the other rules as guide to achieve accuracy in
constructing sentences.
Meaning, Essence, and Element
Meaning of Communication
As one of the essential activities of the human
race, communication is transmission of
thoughts from one mind to others. It is a
process in which people share thoughts, ideas,
and feelings with each other (Flores & Lopez,
2003).

Also, we can say that communication is a dual

or two-way process of transmitting messages
(Diaz, 2005). The receiver after receiving the
message understands the message in the This statement is related to the idea that we co-
desired form and then acts accordingly. It create meaning with others as we
affirms that communication concerns the give communicate.
and take relationship among the communicators
through feedback mechanism. With it, not only Take Note on some more Importance of
does one make his/her own self understood, Communication!
s/he also gets to understand others.
From personal relationships, to business and
our workplace, communication is a make-or-
Communication is the act of giving, receiving,
break skill.
and sharing information - - in other words,
talking or writing, and listening or reading. Good
Among many benefits, communicating will help
communicators listen carefully, speak or write
you form closer relationships, bring cohesion to
clearly, and respect different opinions.
teams, and take on leadership roles.
What is the essence of communication? More Importance of Communication
 Improve Working Environment
THE IMPORTANCE OF COMMUNICATION  Foster Strong Team.
[Author removed at request of original
 Find the right solutions
publisher] and Linda Macdonald
Now let’s continue with the 7 major
As we communicate, we co-create meaning. Elements of Communication
This meaning is influenced by our physical and 1. sender
psychological context, the cultural context, our 2. ideas
relational context, and the social context. 3. encoding
4. communication channel
5. receiver
6. decoding
7. feedback.
 Timely
 Communicate early
 Communicate at the right time
 Build the conversation
COMMUNICATION
 Process Understandable
 Principles of Effective Communication  Use plain language
 Tell real stories
 Ethics
 Make it visual
 Use familiar languages
Process

Ethics in Communication

 Ethical communicators are respectful of their

audiences.
 Ethical communicators consider the
consequences of their communication.
 Ethical communicators respect truth.
 Ethical communicators use information
properly.
 Ethical communicators do not falsify
information.
 Ethical communicators respect the rights of
others to information.
Principles of Effective Communication

Accessible
 Make information available online
 Identify effective channels
 Ensuring Accessibility

Actionable
 Move audiences to action
 Behavior changes campaigns
 Communicate in emergencies

Credible
 Technical accuracy
 Be transparent
 Coordinate with partners

Relevant
 Know the audience
 Listen to the audience
 Tailor the message
 Motivate the audience

GLOBALIZATION & COMMUNICATION
It is a process of interaction and integration
among people, companies, and
governments of different nations, a process
driven by international trade and investment
and aided by information technology. This
process has effects on the environment, on
culture, on political systems, on economic
development and prosperity, and on human
physical well-being in societies around the
world.
Globalization
It is the disappearance of borders between
nations and the rise of international relations.
 The process by which ideas, knowledge,
information, goods and services spread
around the world
 In business, the term is used in an economic
context to describe integrated economies
marked by free trade, the free flow of capital
among countries
 Easy access to foreign resources, including
labor markets, to maximize returns and
benefit for the common good.
Globalization and Communication
 onset of new technology
 rise in the use of the internet
 improving the ways in which we connect
with one another
 share not only the content of the math
class but their cultural perspectives as well
 opportunity to view diverse perspectives
that were outside of our scope before
 connect with someone who is thousands
of miles away in real time and the effects
are profound
 Globalization affects all aspects of living
locally and internationally.
 Massive changes in languages,
communication, culture, political,
economic relations and socio-economic
conditions as well as all other aspects of
societal living that ever existed and are
continuously existing.
PROOFS OF GLOBALIZATION &
COMMUNICATION by Dr. Cemal Cing (2018)
The Globalization of Communication
İletişimin Küreselleşmesi Dr. Can Cemal
Cingi
The abundant technologies (fax, telephones,
civil aviation, television and the Internet) have
added to the ways in which individuals can
communicate both at a local and cross-cultural
level. (Greig, 2002, p.225- 243; Holton, 2000,
p.140-152)
HOW DOES GLOBALIZATION AFFECT THE
CONTEMPORARY WORLD?
 From a personal perspective, globalization
merely implies the coalescence or joining
of different societies in matters of culture,
politics, ethics, ideas & other areas
fundamental to human societies.
 Thus, I concur with the view that
globalization will ultimately efface or erase
the differences between cultures.
From the study of Dr. Can Cemal Cingi
Such communications, it must be
remembered, take on many different shapes
and formats. McQuail categorized the
formats thus (McQuail, 2010)
1. Transfer and broadcasting/publication of
media and written materials in their entirety
from one national audience to another.
2. Local media (cinema, music, television
broadcasts, news reporting) are supplemented
with imported items in those categories.
3. Foreign media are altered to better fit another
country’s audience preferences.
4. Items (e.g., sports reporting, advertisements
and pictures) either come from abroad or allude
to events/people etc. abroad.
5. News reports about another country.
6. Some media intended to be shown
internationally, e.g., Music TV, CNN
International, BBC World, amongst others
TO CONTINUE…
 The communication technologies act as a
carrier in this regard.
 It carries out all the transformations
occurring in a society to a global level and
thus plays a very important role in creating
cultural homogenization, differentialism and
cultural convergence in the societies.
 It not only acts as a mirror like reflective
process to unleash the old and new forms of
inequalities present in the society, but also
enhance the levels of modernity in the
society.
 More about contradictions and or negative
Communication & GLOBALIZATION: Directions effects of globalization is declared in this
& Contradiction London Conference presented herewith:

POSITIVE IMPACT OF GLOBALIZATION SESSION TWO | NATIONAL POLITICS AND

(Directions)
 Adopting globalization increases free
trading opportunities between countries.
This allows business organizations in
developed countries to invest in
developing countries.
 As the communication between the
countries becomes open sharing of
information became easier due to
globalization. This has also contributed to
the increase in speed of transportation of
products.
 Countries joining together through
globalization will remove the cultural
barriers and make the world a global
village. Globalization makes the countries
adopt the factors that are beneficial in the
long run.
 There is also a possibility of less war
between developed countries due to
globalization.
 Moreover, the positive effects include the
ease of communication as English
becomes the universal language, lingua
franca, and the speed and access of
communication facilitated by the internet.
THE GLOBAL ECONOMY Overcoming the
Risks and Contradictions of Globalization
 However, without a globally level playing
field, market opening can just as easily
disenfranchise domestic producers and
threaten the jobs they sustain.
 A second major contradiction in the
modern global economy concerns the
simultaneously empowering and disrupting
effects of technological progress.
 It can also disrupt traditional forms of
manufacturing or service provision.
The question is whether technological
disruption principally releases labor into
alternative forms of employment that are more
productive and remunerative.
 Continuing advances in computing power
also create the prospect that many of the
technologically literate – even those
programming the new internet of things –
will be disenfranchised by self-learning
machines or artificial intelligence.

Negative Impact (Contradictions)

 If the rules and regulations regarding the

protection of the environment are less in
underdeveloped countries, other
developed countries can manufacture
products that may harm the environment.
 A majority of big industries prefer cheap
labor people in a skilled and non-skilled
category will go for the job in developed
countries.
 Globalization creates negative effects
which include the loss of minority
languages as majority languages become
normative, and the decrease in
grammatical skills as communicators use
internet shorthand and abbreviations.
 COMMUNICATION FOR VARIOUS
PURPOSES Factors to Consider in
Determining the Purposes of
Communication
FACTORS TO CONSIDER TO DETERMINE
THE PURPOSES OF COMMUNICATION
1. Know your Audience
2. Know your purpose
In terms of Audience, determine the following
factors:
a. Age
b. Social Status
c. educational background
d. Culture (Religious Practices, Language
depending on the age and period, Values,
Belief)
e. Family Background
f. Specialization/ Occupation/Profession (if for
conference, if for letters, write ups, article,
insights)
g. Demographic Location (from what place,
region, province, city or rural)
h. Number of listeners if oral
i. Number of readers to reach
FACTORS THAT DEFINE THE AUDIENCE
Be prepared to communicate to many different
types of audiences.
Your audience must affect your decisions as a
communicator.
1.Their level of expertise or familiarity with the
subject (e.g., a fellow engineer or a person in a
non-technical position in the company or a
layperson).
2.Their role or goals (what they will do with the
information).
3.Their position relative to the organization
(internal or external).
4.Their position relative to you (peer, superior,
or subordinate).
The types of questions you should ask as
you assess audience, especially during the
planning phase as you prepare to write:
What does my audience already know about
this subject?
What do they value?
What is their mind set or attitude about this
information?
Why do they need or want this information for?
What are their goals?
What are their expectations about the form it
will take?
Know your Purpose (after having
determined the audience as well)
A clearly stated purpose is a key feature in most
technical and professional communications
because it improves efficiency. Your reader
should know right away why they are reading
your document. Some common purposes for
technical communication are as follows:
 to inform
 to recommend
 to request
 to propose
 to persuade
 to record
to instruct


Here are the types of questions you should ask
as you assess purpose, especially during the
planning phase as you prepare to write:
What does this document need to achieve?
What role does it play in the project /
professional / academic ecosystem or any other
related purpose?
What result or action do I want to see after my
reader/audience reads it?
What effect do I want this document to have on
my audience?
KEY TAKEAWAYS
The same information can and should be
communicated in different ways, depending on
who your audience is and what you are trying to
achieve (the purpose of the communication).
Assess audience and purpose in every
communication situation, and use that
assessment to guide your choices as a
communicator as it relates to the appropriate
level of detail and technical vocabulary.
Embrace and work within the scenarios
described in writing assignments to understand
and “write to” the audience and purpose—this
exercise will elevate your writing style and skill
level.
Language Register
What communication or conversation may have
been occurring in the pictures? Who may be
involved in the conversation?
It’s about Language Register
Language register refers to the range of
language choices available for use in different
situations.
It is the level of formality and informality of the
language used.
There are six language registers: formal,
casual, intimate, private, frozen and
consultative.
FURTHER INFORMATION ABOUT
LANGUAGE REGISTER
FROZEN OR “STATIC” REGISTER
 At this level, language is literally
“frozen” in time and form.
 It does not change.
 This type of language is often learned
and repeated by rote.
 This is the register used for most
academic and scientific publishing.
Examples include biblical verse, prayers, the
Pledge of Allegiance, and so forth.
FORMAL REGISTER
 This style is impersonal and often
follows a prescriptive format.
 The speaker uses complete
sentences, avoids slang and may use
technical or academic vocabulary.
 It is likely that the speaker will use
fewer contractions, but opt instead for
complete words.
Example: “have not” instead of “haven’t”
CONSULTATIVE REGISTER
 This is the register used when
consulting an expert such as a doctor.
 The language used is more precise.
 The speaker is likely to address the
expert by a title such as “Doctor”, “Mr.”
or “Mrs.”.
 Some sources say this register is the
formal register used in conversation.
https://drsaraheaton.wordpress.com
 This register is formal and acceptable
speech often used in professional
settings.
 Some examples of this register include
discourse between teachers and
students, judges and lawyers, doctors
and patients, and between a superior
and a subordinate.
Example: Thank you, Doctor, for the advice and
the tips for recovery.
CASUAL REGISTER
 This register is conversational in tone.
 It is the language used among and
between friends.
 Words are general, rather than
technical.
 This register may include more slang
and colloquialisms.
INTIMATE REGISTER
 The language used by lovers.
 It is also the language used in
personalized, private talk.
 This is the most intimate form of
language.
 It is best avoided in public and
professional situations.
The table shows th
Language Register.
adapted from CAPE C
(McDermott, 2006), la