WORDS, MEANING,

MEMORY,
RECOGNITION
Word
◦ Linguistics: a unit which is a constituent at the phrase level and above.
◦ Semantics: smallest meaningful unit of speech that can stand by themselves (Bloomfield,
1926).
Meaning
◦ Semantics: reference and sense
Reference Sense
What a linguistic form points to in the Refers to the inherent meaning of the
real world linguistic form

Concrete entity on what it refers to Concerned only with intralinguistic

relations
Meaning
Sense and Reference are both parts of meaning, yet what relationship is there
between them?

Every expression has both a sense and a reference; actually, it denotes its
reference, and expresses its sense.
 … is the process of maintaining
information over time (Matlin,
Memory 2005).

Processes by which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved.

Encoding Storage Retrieval

• First stage of
information • Second stage • Third stage
processing • Creation of • Calling back the stored
• Receiving, permanent record of information in response to
processing, and the encoded some cue for use in a
combining of information process or activity
received information
 Stages of Memory
Input Storage Output

• People accepts input

• Begins with the
(oral or written);
process of storing
give an interpretation • Recognition and Recall
information in a
of the input to
short memory.
understand.
Asking someone to be able to recognize something Asked to state what has been seen or heard before.
that has been given to him earlier.

Recognition is easier than recall.

 GLOSSARY OF
PSYCHOLINGUISTIC
TERMS
 1. Conversational turn
1. Arbitrary 1. Automatized 2. Discourse
2. Discrete infinity 2. Creative 3. Utterance
3. Duality of patterning 3. Learnable
4. Semantics 4. Parsing

1. Diachronic
2. Synchronic
1. Articulation 13. Phonology, -ical
2. Aspirated 14. Prosody
3. Continuant 15. Segmentation
4. Discrete 16. Sound symbolism
5. Dorso-velar 17. Stop 1. Conventional
6. Formant 18. Syllable 2. Hierarchical
7. Intonation, -al 19. Vowel color combinatoire
8. Labial 3. Hierarchical structure
9. Nasal 4. Lingual
10. Phone 5. Pragmatics
11. Phoneme
12. Phonetic
1. Clause 20. Predicate
2. Closed class 21. Segmentation
3. Distributional 22. Sentence
4. Duality of patterning 23. Stem
5. Functional symbols 24. Syntax, syntactic
6. Grammatical symbols 25. Word
7. Grammar, -atical
8. Grammatical categories
9. Inflection
10. Lexical
11. Lexical access
12. Lexical symbols
13. Lexicon
14. Morpheme
15. Morphology, -ical
16. Open
17. Open class
18. Phrase
19. Phrase structure
Additional References
Akmajian, A., Demers, R., Farmer, A.,& Harnish, R. (1979). Linguistics: an introduction to language and
communication. Massachusetts Institute of Technology: MIT Press.
Rathus, S. (2012). Psychology (2nd ed.). Singapore: Cengage Learning Asia Pte Ltd.