Macroskills Language

1. Reading  Knowledge of syntax/grammar

2. Writing  Content + formal
3. Speaking
4. Listening Reading
5. Viewing
 Thinking
Language  Construction and reconstruction of
meaning
- Means of communication  Prior knowledge of the world
- System of symbols o Types
o Representation  Hour glass
o Words  Crammer, swift
reader
Stages of Reading Development  Sponge
1. Phonemic Awareness  Absorbs
 Sound/patterns everything
2. Phonics  Jelly bags
 Combining both sound and symbol  Selective
3. Fluency readers
 Reading automatically, efficiently,  Slave in diamond mine
and with expression  Wrong info
4. Vocabulary Academic reading
 Learning words and refining new
ones (dictionary and synonyms)  Hard, boring, info-based
5. Comprehension  Scientific (journals)
 Understanding, quick recall o Data-gathering procedure
(empirical)
Schema
 Language of the sciences
 Prior knowledge Kinds of texts
Content
 Narrative
 Belief systems (wrong/right) o Story form
o From your environment  Fiction
o Parents, society/peers  Plot, setting
o Religion etc. (Freitag’s)
o Government  Expository
o Culture/tradition o Info-based text (non-fiction)
o Yaya/helper o Academic text
 Rhetorical pattern
Formal  Discourse
(way/pattern of
 Academe, institutions, orgs, schools speaking)
 Challenge known beliefs
 Influence to do good or bad
 FISH!
 F – formality
o Use formal diction
o No contractions
o No jargon (highfalutin words)
o No slang/colloquial words
 I – impersonality
o Use 3rd person
o He, She, It, Author
 To avoid biases
o Don’t use imperative words
