• Steps to follow in BLS – 1. Check the responsiveness of the victim – 2. Call for Emergency medical health – 3. Position victim on his or her back – 4. Open the airway – 5. Assess breathing – 6. Assess circulation – 7. Stay with the victim until help arrives. – ccpoaas Breathing Mouth-to-Mouth Ventilation Children and Adults • Steps to follow in Mouth-to-Mouth – 1. Place victim on their back – 2. Open the airway – 3. Check the victim’s breathing – 4. If no breathing, start artificial ventilation – 5. If chest doesn’t rise, airway may be blocked – 6. Take 5-10 seconds to check for a pulse – 7. If breathing is restored, remain in position – Poc if if t if Choking • Steps to follow if consciousvictim is choking: – 1. Call for emergency help – 2. Open the airway, don’t give up – 3. Use the Heimlich Maneuver Choking • Steps to follow if unconscious victim is choking: – 1. Call for emergency help – 2. Open the airway, don’t give up – 3. Lay victim face up on a hard surface – 4. Assess responsiveness and breathing – 5. Perform Heimlich Manuever – Cou…conscious ,,,,colap…un Circulation (CPR) • CPR is combination of artificial ventilation and artificial circulation. • It should only be done by a qualified person • Periodic retraining is required Allergic Reactions • Signs of allergic reactions include difficulty breathing (wheezing), swollen lips, tongue, and ears, hives, skin swelling and itching • Treatment – 1. Contact Medical Help – 2. Keep victim quiet in a comfortable position – 3. If victim stops breathing, give artificial ventilation. – ContKt if allergy Bites and Stings (General) • Treatment – 1. Lie victim down and immobilize limb – 2. Cold application on all bites except snakes – 3. Flush snakebite with water – 4. 2” wide cloth to provide a band near bite – 5. Band should not be too restricting – 6. Transport victim to hospital – 7. Provide non-alcoholic liquid to victim – LCF2BTP Bites and Stings (Bees) • Treatment – 1. Do not remove stinger with a tweezer – 2. Remove stinger with a flicking motion – 3. If victim shows signs, treat for allergic react. Bites and Stings (Animal) • Treatment – 1. Seek medical attention – 2. If skin is broken, wash with soap and water Bleeding • Treatment – 1. Call for medical help – 2. Keep victim lying down – 3. Place pad directly over wound – 4. Apply direct pressure firmly with both hands – 5. Raise bleeding part higher than rest of body – CKPAR is bleeding Bleeding (Tourniquet) • Use on arms or legs only • Is usually not necessary • Do not attempt to use unless you are specially trained. • Should be placed between injury and heart Burns • Object is to prevent shock and contamination. • All burns should be attended to by a physician • Do not apply ointments, grease, or baking soda Burns (Thermal) • Treatment – 1. Cool quickly with water – 2. Place clean cloth over burned area – 3. Keep victim lying down – 4. Give no fluids – 5. Call for medical health – 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body – 7. Raise legs if possible – Cpk kgcpr is burning Burns (Chemical) • Treatment – 1. Flush with plenty of water for 5 minutes – 2. Remove clothes if needed – 3. Place clean material over burns – 4. Call for medical help – 5. Lie victim down, provide lots of liquids – 6. Place head and chest lower than rest of body – 7. Raise legs if possible – F rp call lie pr chemical Cuts and Abrasions • It’s important to prevent infections • Never put your mouth over a wound • Don’t breath on a wound • Don’t touch with dirty fingers or cloths • Treatment – 1. Cleanse wound with soap and water – 2. Hold sterile pad firmly over wound – 3. Continue to cover wound if bleeding persists Fractures • First aid should do no more than prevent further injury • A fracture should be assumed if body part does not have normal look and function • Treatment – 1. Unless in danger, don’t move victim – 2. Leave the limb in the position you found it – 3. Apply a splint Frostbite • Signs include skin that is pink just before frostbite and changes to whit or grayish- yellow as it develops, initial pain, numbness and cold. Frostbite • Treatment – Cover area with warm hand of woolen material – If hands, hold them in armpit – Bring victim inside – Place area in warm water (101-103 F) – Don’t use hot water, water bottle, or heat lamp – Don’t rub frostbitten area – Let circulation reestablish naturally, exercise – Give them something warm to drink – See a doctor – CIB PDD LGS FROSTBITE Heat Exhaustion • Signs include pale and clammy skin, profuse perspiration, rapid pulse, weakness, headache, nausea, cramps in abdomen and limbs. • Treatment – Contact emergency medical help – Have victim lie down, elevate feet – Move victim to shade or cool place – Give victim diluted salt water Heat Stroke • Signs include flushed hot and dry skin, rapid, weak pulse, confusion and unconscious • Treatment – Get medical help, delays could be fatal – Cool body by spraying or sponging with cool water – Liquids, but no alcohol Seizures and Convulsions • A seizure is not a medical emergency. It usually ends in a few minutes. If it lasts more than 15 minutes, get medical help. • Treatment – Remove objects that may injure a person – Do not restrain victim – Do not slap victim or douse with water – Do not place finger or hard objects in the mouth – When seizure ends, take victim to comfortable area and allow them to sleep if they wish Shock
• Signs include cold, clammy skin with beads
of perspiration on forehead and palms, pale skin color, a cold feeling, shaking chills, nausea, vomiting, shallow, rapid breathing • Usually accompanies severe injury Shock • Treatment – Get medical help – Correct the cause of the shock – Keep victim’s airway open – If victim vomits, prevent choking – Elevate victims legs – Keep victim comfortable and warm – Give water to the victim (unless abdominal) – Reassure victim – GCK IF EKG R SHOCK Spine or Neck Injuries • Do not move victim unless needed • Get medical help • Do not move head except to keep airway open • If victim vomits, roll to their side. Don’t turn head • Monitor breathing Sprains or Strains • Treat as though it were a fracture • Place injured part at rest • Elevate injured part if possible • Apply cold compress or ice to prevent swelling • Contact a doctor • Don’t apply heat for at least 24 hours