INTR O TO I NF OR M A TI ON

TECH N OL O G Y
 “ I.T ”
•It refers to anything related to computing technology,
such as networking, hardware, software, the
internet, or the people that work with these
technologies.
•It is the use of computers and software to manage
information.
 INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT
• The information technology department in an organization
is responsible for the architecture, hardware, software and
networking of computers in the company.
• I.T professionals working in this department perform a
number of duties to ensure that employees have full
access to the computer systems.
 I.T JOBS
•COMPUTER PROGRAMMING
•NETWORK ADMINISTRATION
•COMPUTER ENGINEERING
•WEB DEVELOPMENT
•TECHNICAL SUPPORT
CO M P U T ER
HARD W A R E
Hardware is a general term that refers to the physical artifacts of
technology. It also means the physical components of a computer
system in the form of computer hardware.
There are many computer devices around and they can be grouped into
four

INPUT PROCE OUTPU

SS T
STORAG
E
INPUT, OUTPUT, PROCESS, STORAGE DEVICE
INPUT DEVICE is any machine that feeds data into a computer.
OUTPUT DEVICE is any machine capable of representing
information from a computer.
PROCESS DEVICE are machines involved in processing of data.
These are devices that are contained in a big rectangular box of a
computer.
STORAGE DEVICE or memory devices are the machines where
files are kept. It has the capability to retrieve files from it.
IN P U T D E VIC E S
 INPUT DEVICES
are used to input data and instructions into the computer or any
other computational device. this translates numbers, letters and
actions that user understands into a form that computer can process

1. KEYBOARD – It is
basically a board of keys. It
comes from the original
typewriter keyboards, which
arranged letters and numbers
in a way that prevented the
type bars from getting
jammed when typing quickly
 Function Control Keys
Escape Key
Keys
Status Lights

Keyboard

Arrow Keys Numeric Directional

Keypad
 INPUT DEVICES

2. MOUSE – The name

comes from the small shape
of the mouse, which you
can move quickly back and
forth on the mouse pad, and
the cord, which represents
the mouse’s tail.
 INPUT DEVICES

3. SCANNER – It scans
documents such as
photographs and pages of
text. Most scanners are
Flatbed Devices, which
mean they have a flat
scanning surface. While
Sheet-fed scanners can only
accept paper documents.
 INPUT DEVICES

4. Web Cam – Is a
combination of “Web” and
“Video Camera”. This are
typically small cameras that
either attach to a user’s
monitor or sit on a desk.
 INPUT DEVICES

5. JOYSTICK – It is
commonly to control video
games. It consist of a base
and a stick that can be
moved in any direction.
 INPUT DEVICES

6. MICROPHONE – A
device for converting sound
waves into electric power
that has wave characteristics
essentially similar to those
of the sound. It is widely
applied in hearing aids,
sound-recording systems,
and public address systems.
OU T P U T DE V IC E S
 OUTPUT DEVICES
is any machine capable of representing information from a computer.

1. MONITOR – The term

CRTs MONITOR
“monitor” is often used (CATHODE RAY TUBES)
synonymously with “computer
screen” or “display”. The monitor
displays the computer’s user
interface and open programs,
LCD TECHNOLOGY
allowing the user to interact with (FLAT SCREEN DISPLAYS)
the computer, typically using the
keyboard and mouse.
 OUTPUT DEVICES

2. PRINTER – It is a output devices

that prints paper documents. This
includes text documents, images or a
combination of both. The two most
common types of printers are
INKJET and LASER PRINTERS.
LASER PRINTERS INKJET PRINTERS

INKJET PRINTERS – are

commonly used by consumers.
LASER PRINTERS – are a typical
choice for businesses. DOT MATRIX
 OUTPUT DEVICES

3. SPEAKERS – are one of

the most common output
used with computer
systems. The purpose of the
speakers is to produce audio
output that can be heard by
the listener.
 OUTPUT DEVICES

4. PROJECTOR – is a
device that uses light and
lenses to take an image and
project a magnified image
onto a larger screen or wall.
P RO C E S S I NG
D EV I C E S
 PROCESSING DEVICES
are responsible for controlling the storage and retrieval of information. The information
is processed by the computer processor (CPU), which performs data calculations, data
comparison, and data copying with the information from the processing devices.
 PROCESSING DEVICES

2. Motherboard – it is the
main circuit board of your
computer and is also known
as the mainboard or logic
board. It makes everything
in your computer work
together.
 PROCESSING DEVICES

3. Video Card – it can be

used to process the graphics
portion of the processing
load.
 PROCESSING DEVICES

4. Sound Card – it is a
component inside the
computer that provides
audio input and output
capabilities.
ST O R A GE D E VI C E S
 STORAGE DEVICES
Is any type of hardware that stores data.
1. Memory Card or Flash Memory
Card – is a small storage medium
used to store data such as text,
pictures, audio and video for use on
small, portable or remote computing
devices.
SD CARD (Secure Digital Card)
CF (Compact Flash Card)
Smart Media Card
Memory Stick
MMC (Multimedia Card)
 STORAGE DEVICES

2. Flash Drive – A small,

portable flash memory card
that plugs into computers. It
is easy to use as they are
small enough to be carried
in a pocket and can plug
into any computer with a
USB drive.
 STORAGE DEVICES

3. External Hard Disk – A

hard drive that is outside of
the computer case in its own
enclosure.
 STORAGE DEVICES

4. Floppy Disk – It is also

called as “Diskette”. It is a
portable, inexpensive
storage medium that consists
of a thin, circular, flexible
plastic Mylar film with the
magnetic coating enclosed in
a squared-shaped plastic
shell. It is invented by IBM.
 STORAGE DEVICES

5. DVD – Short for digital

versatile disc or digital video
disc, a type of optical disk
technology similar to the
CS-ROM. A DVD holds a
minimum of 4.74GB of data,
enough for a full length
movie. It has access rate of
600KBps to 1.3 MBps.
Illustrate a specific hardware device
for each of the given category. Draw
the device inside the boxes.

PROCE
SS
CO M P U T ER
SOFT W A R E
 ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
• Software – It is the translator of the computer and it make the
computer useful.
• Typewriter to Computer
• What is the ROLE of the Operating System in our Computer?
• It can save your file, you can move your mouse etc..
• It cover all the basic of your cover
Note: Operating System is just part of your computer
Computer Software – It is defined as a set of programs and
procedures that are intended to perform specific tasks on a
computer system.
Software Programs – is a set of instructions that are aimed
at changing the state of computer hardware.
Application Software – such as word processors which
perform productive tasks for users.
Firmware – It is a software programmed resident to
electrically programmable memory devices or main boards
or other types of integrated hardware carriers.
Middleware – Which controls and co-ordinates distributed
systems.
System Software – such as operating systems, which
interface hardware to provide the necessary services for
application software.
Software Testing – It consists of various methods to test
and declare a software product before it can be launched for
use by either an individual or a group.
Testware – Is an umbrella term or container term for all
utilities and application software that serve in combination
for testing software package but not necessarily contribute
to operational purposes.
 Kinds of System Software
Operating System Loaders (loading Programs)
Boot Firmware Shell
Database Management System Utility Software
Output Interface BIOS
Virtual Machine Monitors Device Drivers
Link Editors (Linkers) Hypervisor
 COMPUTER SOFTWARE DESCRIPTION
Computer Software Intended to perform specific tasks

Changing the state of computer hardware.

Software Programs

perform productive tasks for users.

Application Software

Firmware software programmed resident to electrically programmable memory devices

Middleware Which controls and co-ordinates distributed systems.

System Software provide the necessary services for application software.

Software Testing declare a software product before it can be launched

Testware container term for all utilities and application software

APPLICATIO
N SOFTWARE
Word Processing Software
This software enables users to create and edit
documents.
Database Software
Database is a structured collection of data. It also
relies on database software to organize data and enable
database users to perform database operations.
Spreadsheet Software
It allows users to perform calculations using
spreadsheets. They simulate paper worksheets by
displaying multiple cells that make up a grid.
Multimedia Software
They allow users to create and play audio and video
files. They are capable of playing media files.
Presentation Software
The software that is used to
display information in the form of
a slide show. This type of software
includes three functions, namely,
1. Editing that allows insertion and
formatting of text.
2. Methods to include graphics in
the text
3. Functionality of executing slide
show
Enterprise Software
It deals with the needs of organization processes and
data flow
Information Worker
Software
This are individual
projects within a
department and
individual needs of
creation and
management of
information.
Educational Software
It has the capabilities of
running tests and
tracking progress. It
also has the capabilities
of collaboration
software. It is often
used in teaching and
self-learning.
Simulation Software
Used it simulate physical or abstract systems. It finds
application in both, research and entertainment.
Content Access Software
It is used to access content without
editing.
Application Suites
It consists of a group
of applications
combined to perform
related functions. It
can work together or
operate on each
other’s files.
Software that aid
Engineering and
Development of Products
It used in the design and
development of hardware
and software products.
Software products are
developed using other
software, and software
communicate with one
another through software.
Enterprise
Infrastructur
e Software
It Provides common
capabilities needed
to support
Enterprise Software
Systems.
 PEOPLEWARE
Peopleware refers to the role of people in the
computing process. While software and
hardware make up a computer system, both are
designed to be used by humans. Peopleware is
sometimes considered the third component of
computing.
 DESKTOP
PUBLISHING
 DESKTOP PUBLISHING
• Desktop Publishing has one main function page layout, the
creation of attractive pages of text and graphics, for print
magazines, posters, newsletters.
• Apple Macintosh (1984) vs. Microsoft Windows (1985)
• The first desktop publishing program was created by Paul
Brainard and a company called Aldus “Aldus Pagemaker 1.0”
released in July 1985 for the Macintosh and in December,
1986 for the “IBM”
• Apple Macintosh vs. Windows 95
• InDesign, QuarkXPress, Photoshop and Dreamweaver.
 DESKTOP PUBLISHING

PostScript – is a page
description language (PDL)
that describes a page’s text
and graphical content. It can
be used to define the
appearance of graphics and
text for both screen and print.
 DESKTOP PUBLISHING BASICS
• Desktop Publishing is the use of the computer and
specialized software to create documents for desktop,
commercial printing or electronic distributions.
• It refers to the process of using the computer to produce
documents such as newsletters, brochures, books and other
publication.
IMAGE FILE
FORMATS
 JPEG File Format or Joint PNG or Portable Network
Photographic Experts Group Graphics
• JPEG files can contain colorful, high-resolution
 are raster images which was created as a
replacement for GIF Files. lossless format,
image data, it is a lossy format, which means some
meaning that compression doesn’t affect the
quality is lost when the image is compressed. quality of the image.
• Typically, JPEG files are used in digital cameras
and typically editing software such as photoshop.

 One of the Advantage of JPEG

is the large compression ratios
which means that there is a
shorter file transfer time
and

 One of the Disadvantage of

JPEG is because the file can be
compressed, some of the data is
lost. This is called ‘lossy’ and it
is an algorithm used in JPEG
Files.
 Lossy Compression
• Compression in this type is at its highest, meaning the file size is smaller but some
image deterioration become noticeable. We sometimes see “pixelized” images; the
other term for this deterioration is “artifacting”.
 Lossless Compression
• This is the kind of compression where the image quality is not diminished even when
you re-size an image. These are the graphics that are preferred for quality image
applications.
 GIF or Graphical Interchange Format
Its a small file size with animation support.
is usually used on the web for animated images
GIF Files are usually used for logos or images with solid colours

One of the Advantage of GIF, they are a small file

which means it is easy to use online, upload online
whilst still having good quality.

The Disadvantage of GIF are…

GIF Files have a maximum number of colours which
they hold. This is 256. This can mean that it may
have a poorer quality than other types of file formats

Animated GIF’s will only play in browsers that

support GIF Files. This means that certain people that
use a specific browser will not be able to view the
animation.
 TIFF (Tagged Image File
Format) One of the Advantage is…
TIFF Files have good compatibility.
is one of the few file types that support all
of Photoshop's features and is another
great choice for archiving your images,
with lossless compression that allows you
to save photos with the highest possible
image quality.
TIFF files can be very large, especially
when compared with JPEG files One of the Disadvantage is…
TIFF Files are usually best for when Because TIFF Files are not
printing an image. compressed, TIFF Files can take
up more memory space than a
JPEG File.
PHOTO IMAGES
VS.
GRAPHIC
IMAGES
 BASIC REQUIREMENTS IN
GRAPHICS-EDITING
1. PROCESSOR

2. OPERATING SYSTEM

3. HARD DISK

4. MEMORY

5. OPTICAL DRIVE
 SOURCES OF
PHOTOS, FONTS
AND WEBSITES
 SOURCES OF PHOTOS
1. SCANNED IMAGES
Scanned Images are those pictures that are transferred
from a hard copy (printed copy) to the computer for
additional enhancement.
2. Stock Photo Library
This are professional photographs of common places,
landmarks, nature, events or people that are bought and
sold on a royalty-free basis and can be used and reused
for commercial design purposes
3. Personal Photos
This are the photos taken by amateur and/or professional
photographers using their digital cameras.
4. Internet and the World Wide Web
This are pictures from the internet that are cheap and
 SOURCES OF FONTS

MY FONTS

DD FONTS
FONTS 500
TYPENOW
SEARCH FREE FONTS
 WEBSITES
WEBSITE vs. WEB
PAGES
WEBSITE is a
collection of Web Pages
WEBDESIGN is the art
and process of
combining individual
elements of design into a
pleasing arrangement
 WEB DESIGN VS. PRINT
DESIGN
Desktop Publishing
and the Internet
Similarities and
Differences in Print
and Web Design
Web Design is not
Print Design
INTERN
ET
• The internet, sometimes called simply “the Net”, is a
worldwide system of computer networks – a network of
networks in which users at any one computer can, if they
have permission, get information from any other
computer.
• ARPANET (1969)
• WWW “World Wide Web” – It is a subset of the internet.
The Web consists of pages that can be accessed using a
Web browser.
• HTTP (Hyper-Text Transfer Protocol)
• HTML (Hyper-Text Markup Language)
• WEB Browser
• Home Page – It is the starting point or front page of a
 URL
(UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)
It is the address of a specific website or file on the internet
 PROTOCOL NAME
• http – a hypertext directory or document (such as a Web
page)
• ftp – a directory of files or an actual file available to
download
• Gopher – a gopher document or menu
• telnet – a Unix-based computer system that you can log into
• News – a newsgroup, an electronic bulletin board and forum
• WAIS – a database or document on a Wide Area information
search database
• File – a file located on your hard drive or some other local
drive
 COMMON DOMAIN NAME
Original Top-Level
Country
Domain Organization Country
Abbreviations
Abbreviations
.com Commercial Au Australia

.edu Educational Institution Ca Canada

Government
.gov Fr France
Institution
.mil Military Ph Philippines

.net Network Provider Se Sweden

.org Non-profit Uk United Kingdom

 EMAIL
ELECTRONIC MAIL

• It is the transmission of messages over

communications networks
• SMPT (Simple Mail Transfer Protocol)
• POP3 (Post Office Protocol 3)
• IMAP (Internet Message Access Protocol)
•Why do you need e-mail etiquette?
•Important E-mail Etiquette Tips
ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS6
 ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS6
• Thomas Knoll and John Knoll
• ImagePro to Photoshop
• Barneyscan
• May 2011 (Adobe Creative Suite 5.5)
• March 21, 2012
• April 23, 2012
HOW CAN ADOBE
PHOTOSHOP BE
USED TO CREATE
IMAGES?
 MEASURING TOOLS
EYE DROPPER TOOL
Takes color samples from colors on the page and displays them in the Color Boxes. Select
the tool, click on the color in the image you wish to sample. The Color Box will display this
color. There are still other tools together with the eye dropper tool such that belongs to
measuring tools which are: 3D Material Eye Dropper, Color Sampler, Ruler, Note and
Count.

RETOUCHING TOOLS
HEALING BRUSH TOOL
Corrects small blemishes in scanned photos.
Select the tool, hold down the ALT key and left-click on the base color you need to heal. Then
left-click over the blemish.

BRUSH TOOL
Draws brush strokes of different thicknesses and colors.
Select the tool. Then click on the selected area, drag to draw lines. Use the Options bar to
change the brush, mode, opacity.
CLONE STAMP TOOL
Takes a sample of an image and applies over another image,or a part of the same image.
Select the tool. Hold down the ALT key and left-click on a certain point of the document
where you want to start your copy point. Then, put your mouse over whatever part of the
new document you want the picture to go to. Hold down the left mouse button and drag the
mouse across the page to copy the picture.

BLUR TOOL
Blurs the sharp edges of an image.
Select an area where you wish to apply the tool. Click the tool button and choose the brush,
mode, and strength. Drag the brush along the edges.

DODGE TOOL
This tool whitens the area where it passes through. The other tools which are Burn tool that
darkens the area of the image and Sponge tool the saturate or desaturate the color of an
image.
 PAINTING TOOLS
BRUSH TOOL
This tools is used to draw and color part of an image with a brush stroke. This group of tools
comes with Pencil, Color Replacement and Mixer Brush Tool.

ART HISTORY BRUSH TOOL

Paints over an image using the source data from a specified history state or snapshot.
Select the tool, specify the brush, blending mode, opacity, style, area and tolerance.

ERASER TOOL
Removes part of an existing path or stroke. You can use the Eraser tool on paths, but not on
text.
Select the tool, click on the part of the image you wish to create. Drag to erase pixels.

GRADIENT TOOL
Applies a gradient fill to a selected part of the image or to an entire layer.
Select an area you wish to apply gradient to, click the tool button. Choose a fill in the Options
bar, click on the starting point and hold the mouse down and drag to the end point.
 DRAWING and TYPE TOOLS
PATH SELECTION TOOL
Selects paths and path segments.
Select the tool, click anywhere on the path.

TYPE TOOL
Types text on a page. Every time you click the Type Tool on a new portion of the page a new layer will be
created.
Select the tool, clic on the page and begin to type. You can specify the font and size in the Option Bar.
You can also resize and transform the text box by dragging the squares at the sides and corners. Use the
Move Tool to move the text on the page.

PEN TOOL
Draws smooth-edged paths.
Select the tool, click on the page and drag to draw a path. Click and drag the anchor points to modify the
path.

LINE SHAPE TOOL

Draws a straight line. Other shapes that are hidden in this tool are: Rounded Rectangle Tool, Ellipse Tool,
Polygon Tool, Line Tool, and Custom Shape Tool.
Select the tool, click and drag on the page to draw a line.bar, click on the starting point and hold the
 NAVIGATION TOOLS
HAND TOOL
Allows you to move around within the image.
Select the tool, click on the spot on the page, hold the mouse button down and drag to
move in the area.

MAGNIFY TOOL
Magnify or reduces the display of any area in your image window.
Select the tool, choose Zoom in or Zoom out in the Options bar, click on the area of the
image you wish to magnify or reduce.

COLOR BOXES and MODES TOOLS

COLOR BOXES
The foreground color appears in the upper color selection box and represents a color that is
currently active. The background color appears in the lower box and represents an inactive
color.