PAPER PRESENTATION

AUTHORS:
DELLA D’SOUZA
SOHINI SARKAR

COLLEGE:
JSPM’S IMPERIAL COLLEGE OF ENGG
AND RESEARCH
RFID TECHNOLOGY AND ITS
APPLICATIONS
WHAT IS RFID?
Short for radio frequency identification,
RFID is a dedicated short range
communication (DSRC) technology.
The term RFID is used to describe various
technologies that use radio waves to
automatically identify people or objects.
RFID technology is similar to the bar code
identification systems.
RFID does not rely on the line-of-sight
reading that bar code scanning requires to
work.
Can be stuck on or incorporated into a product,
animal, or person for the purpose of identification
using radio waves.
Radio-frequency identification (RFID) is an
automatic identification method, relying on
storing and remotely retrieving data using
devices called RFID tags or transponders. It is
called transponders because it is a TRANSmitter
that transmits the radio frequency and also a
resPONDER that responds to the field generated
by the reader IC.
 HISTORY OF RFID
In 1946 Léon Theremin invented an espionage
tool for the Soviet Union which retransmitted
incident radio waves with audio information.
Technology such as the IFF transponder was
invented by the British in 1939 was routinely
used by the allies in World War II to identify
airplanes as friend or foe.
In 1971 Mario Cardullo's invented a passive radio
transponder with memory and demonstrated in
1973 to the New York Port Authority
Steven Depp, Alfred Koelle and Robert Freyman
have also made contributions to this technology.
 How does it work?
Different RFID frequencies
have different RF effective
ranges. Two terms used
often are near field, and
far field.
An RFID system consists of
an antenna and a
transceiver, which read the
radio frequency and
transfer the information to
a processing device
(reader) and a
transponder, or RF tag,
which contains the RF
circuitry and information to
be transmitted. 
 RFID TAGS

RFID
TAGS

SEMI ANTENNA
PASSIVE ACTIVE
PASSIVE TYPE
TAGS TAGS
TAGS TAGS
 PASSIVE TAGS

Without internal battery source.

Less expensive
Shorter read range.
Less noise immunity
 Advantages of Passive Tags

Minimum lifespan of twenty years or

more
less expensive to manufacture
The tag is much smaller (some tags
are the size of a grain of rice )
Disadvantages of Passive Tags
The tag can be read only at very short
distances, typically a few feet at most.
It may not be possible to include sensors
that can use electricity for power.
The tag remains readable for a very long
time, even after the product to which the
tag is attached has been sold and is no
longer being tracked.
 ACTIVE TAGS
Internal battery source.
Heavy.
Longer reading range.
 Advantages of Active Tags
 It can be read at distances of one
hundred feet or more, greatly
improving the utility of the device
 It may have other sensors that can
use electricity for power
Disadvantages of Active Tags
The tag cannot function without
battery power, which limits the
lifetime of the tag.
more expensive
The tag is physically larger, which
may limit applications.
The long-term maintenance costs for
an active RFID tag
 Semi Passive Tags
 Similar to active tags as they have
their own power source.
 This battery allows the tag IC to be
constantly powered.
 This removes the need for the aerial
to be designed to collect power from
the incoming signal.
 Antenna Type
 The antenna used for an RFID tag is
affected by the intended application
and the frequency of operation.
 IMPLANTS
A microchip
implant is an
identifying
integrated circuit
placed under the
skin of a dog, cat, or
other animal. The
chips are about the
size of a large grain
of rice and are Microchip implant in a cat
based on a passive
RFID technology
 HUMAN IMPLANTS
Hand with the planned location
of the RFID chip
Just after the operation to
insert the RFID tag was
completed
Implantable RFID
chips designed for
animal tagging are
now being used in
humans. An early
experiment with RFID
implants was
conducted by British
professor of
cybernetics Kevin
Warwick, who
implanted a chip in his
arm in 1998.
 

X-ray view of implant Implanted

microchip
 Aid for the blind
Help the Blind Recognize Objects
The tags can be attached to objects
The TellMate has three main RFID
function buttons: one for recording
a description of an object to which a
tag is attached, one to play that
recording and one to stop the
playback.
To identity an object—a credit card,
for instance—a user would attach an
RFID label to it, hold the handheld
reader within 2 centimeters of the
Tell Mate employs label, press the record button and
passive RFID tags to speak a description of the object
help the blind identify into the handheld.
objects they use in their
daily lives but have
difficulty recognizing.