Presentation

on
Inflammation, Immunity & Wound Healing
 INFLAMMATION
Definition: It is the part of the body’s defence mechanism which helps in healing process.
Types:
 Acute inflammation: Injury or illness for short term
Key’s signs of acute inflammation
I. Pain: Occurs continuously or when person touches affected area
II. Redness: Due to increased blood supply to affected area
III. Loss of function
IV. Swelling: If fluid builds up causes oedema
V. Heat: Occurs due blood supply
 It lasts for 2-6 weeks.
 Causes:
I. Injury
II. Infection
III. Exposure to irritating substance
Continued….

 The main components of acute inflammation-

Vascular Cellular
Reaction Response

 Both are activated by mediators derived from plasma proteins and

various cells.
Outcomes of acute inflammation
 Chronic Inflammation : Injury or illness of long-term
 Causes:
I. Persistent acute inflammation
II. Auto Immune reaction (Rheumatic Heart Disease)

Note: Inflammation plays vital role in healing but chronic inflammation may
increase risk of disease like cancer, atherosclerosis.
 Sequential steps of inflammatory reaction
 The offending agent is recognized by host cells
 Leukocytes & plasma proteins are recruited from the circulation
to the site where offending agent is located.
 Leukocytes & proteins are activated & work together to destroy
& eliminate the offending substance.
 The reaction is controlled & terminated
 The damaged tissue is repaired.
 Immune System
 Immune system –collection of cells and
molecules responsible for defending the body
 Provides protection against infection and foreign
bodies
 Inflammation
is the manifestation of actions of
the immune system
Cells of the immune system
Antigen or Immunogens

Foreign substances that stimulates immune system to produce

antibodies and cause infection and disease.
That can be virus, bacteria, or fungi & so on.

Antibody or Immunoglobulins

Substance that fights against foreign substance called antigen.

Y-shape molecule are protein manufacture by the body.
Types of Antibodies
 IgG: Smallest, cross the placenta, abundant (80%)

 IgA: Found in body secretion. Eg: Milk, tear, sweat.

 IgM: Early immune response, largest in size

 IgD: Present in lymphatic cell surface

 IgE: Present in small amount, response to allergic reaction, parasitic

infestation
Complement

The complement system, also known as complement cascade, is a

part of the immune system that enhances (complements) the ability
of antibodies and phagocytic cells to clear microbes and damaged
cells from an organism, promote inflammation, and attack the
pathogen's cell membrane. It is part of the innate immune system,
which is not adaptable and does not change during an individual's
lifetime. The complement system can, however, be recruited and
brought into action by antibodies generated by the adaptive immune
system.
 Wound Healing
Definition: Discontinuity in the normal tissue continuation.

Phases of wound healing

 Haemostasis
 Inflammation
 Proliferation & Maturation (Remodelling)