PRINCIPLE OF FIRE FIGHTING

 FIRE CONTROL –An act or process of

preventing the fire from spreading,
thus preventing further damages.
 FIRE SUPPRESSION – Act or process of
lowering down the intensity of heat.
 10 PHASES OF FIRE OPERATION :

1) PRE -FIRE PLANNING – To know the

problem which may be encountered and what
to do at the fire ground in case fire starts in a
particular building or area.
a) Gather information about existing
conditions at the vicinity of the building or
area witch is subject for planning.
b) Conducting fire company inspection.
2)SIZING UP – Mental evaluation by
the Ground Commander which enables
him to determine his course of action
and to accomplish his mission.
- To estimate the situation.
- Begins after alarm is received.
a) Nature of fire.
b) Tools or equipment available.
c)The action to take. (decision from
the Ground Commander)
d)Wind direction.
3) RESCUE – Removal of the victim/s from
endangered area and bring to the
place of safety.
Looking for victim/s.
Extrication of victims.
Determining the nature of injury.
Stabilizing the victim.
Bringing victims to a safe place.
Stabilizing the scene of incident.
Wrap up ( collect equipment and accounting
of personnel).
Post incident analysis.
CONDITIONS IN WHICH VICTIMS MAYBE
FOUND:

Injured victim
Unconscious
Wounded
Burned
Panicky
Shocked
Sleeping
Intoxicated
Bedfast
4) COVER EXPOSURE – To prevent the
fire into extending/spreading to other
uninvolved buildings.
 Placing fire streams directly to exposed
building.
 Placing fire streams between burning
building and exposed building.
 Entering exposed building and from
windows placing fire streams directly
to burning building.
5) CONFINEMENT – To prevent the
fire from extending to the other
portion of the burning building
­ Involves protection of avenues
of extension.

UPWARD EXTENSION – Most rapid thru

stairways, windows and air ducks.
SIDEWARD – thru combustible partitions
and doors.
DOWNWARD – Slow thru combustible
floors, stairways, and air ducks.
06) VENTILATION- To displace
hot smoke, poisonous and toxic
gases from contaminated area and
replacing fresh air from outside.
a)Make an opening ( forced
ventilation).
b) Use of fog streams.
c) Always consider the wind direction.
07) EXTINGUISHMENT – To put
out the main body of fire.
a) Locating the main body of fire.
b) Proper use and techniques of applying fire
streams.
DIRECT ATTACK – If fire is limited and
approachable. Applying a solid stream
directly to the base of the fire.
INDIRECT ATTACK- If the fire involves a
large area and confined by locating
the Hottest portion and applying a
stream over hottest portion.
COMBINATION ATTACK – If the whole
building id already involve by the fire
and entry is difficult.
08) SALVAGE – To protect
properties of value from
preventable damages due to
sources other than fire.
Covering properties
endangered of indirect
damage.(water or heat).
Removing endangered
properties.
Removal of excess water.
 4 SALVAGE PRACTICES
1)Removal or evacuating of
properties according to its
priority.
2)Removal of properties to avoid
fire spread.
3)Protect properties by arranging
covering to avoid damage.
4)Removal of personal belonging
of the victims for safe keeping
09)OVERHAULING – To
prevent the fire from
rekindling.
Looking for remaining
sources of ignition such as
embers, open flames,
sparks among debris.
Making the area safe and
habitable.
Gathering physical
evidences among debris
10) POST FIRE
ANALYSIS
– To conduct a critique
of what was done
during the fire
operation.
Is a cooperative discussion
of fire personnel about all
phases of fire from the
time of the alarm was