PRINCIPLE OF FIRE

FIGHTING
• FIRE CONTROL –An act or process of
preventing the fire from spreading, thus
preventing further damages.
• FIRE SUPPRESSION – Act or process of
lowering down the intensity of heat.
PHASES OF FIRE OPERATION :
1) PRE -FIRE PLANNING – To know the problem
which may be encountered and what to do at the fire
ground in case fire starts in a particular building or
area.
a) Gather information about existing conditions at
the vicinity of the building or area witch is
subject for planning.
b) Conducting fire company inspection.
PRE -FIRE PLANNING
2)SIZING UP – Mental evaluation by the Ground
Commander which enables him to determine his course
of action and to accomplish his mission.
- To estimate the situation.
- Begins after alarm is received.
a) Nature of fire.
b) Tools or equipment available.
c)The action to take. (decision from the Ground
Commander)
d)Wind direction.
SIZING UP
3) RESCUE – Removal of the victim/s from endangered
area and bring to the place of safety .
Looking for victim/s.
Extrication of victims.
Determining the nature of injury.
Stabilizing the victim.
Bringing victims to a safe place.
Stabilizing the scene of incident.
Wrap up ( collect equipment and accounting of personnel).
Post incident analysis.
CONDITIONS IN WHICH VICTIMS MAYBE FOUND:
Injured victim
Unconscious
Wounded
Burned
Panicky
Shocked
Sleeping
Intoxicated
Bedfast
4) COVER EXPOSURE – To prevent the fire into
extending/spreading to other uninvolved buildings.
Placing fire streams directly to exposed building.
Placing fire streams between burning building and
exposed building.
Entering exposed building and from windows
placing fire streams directly to burning building.
COVER EXPOSURE
5) CONFINEMENT – To prevent the fire
from extending to the other portion of the
burning building
­ Involves protection of avenues of extension.
UPWARD EXTENSION – Most rapid thru
stairways, windows and air ducks.
SIDEWARD – thru combustible partitions and
doors.
DOWNWARD – Slow thru combustible floors,
stairways, and air ducks.
CONFINEMENT
06) VENTILATION- To displace hot
smoke, poisonous and toxic gases from
contaminated area and replacing fresh air
from outside.
a)Make an opening ( forced
ventilation).
b) Use of fog streams.
c) Always consider the wind direction.
VENTILATION

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7) EXTINGUISHMENT – To put out the main
body of fire.
a) Locating the main body of fire.
b) Proper use and techniques of applying fire streams.
DIRECT ATTACK – If fire is limited and approachable.
Applying a solid stream
directly to the base of the fire.
INDIRECT ATTACK- If the fire involves a large area and
confined by locating the Hottest portion and applying a
stream over hottest portion.
COMBINATION ATTACK – If the whole building id already
involve by the fire and entry is difficult.
EXTINGUISHMENT
08) SALVAGE – To protect properties of
value from preventable damages due to
sources other than fire.
Covering properties endangered of
indirect damage.(water or heat).
Removing endangered properties.
Removal of excess water.
SALVAGE
 4 SALVAGE PRACTICES
1)Removal or evacuating of properties
according to its priority.
2)Removal of properties to avoid fire spread.
3)Protect properties by arranging
covering to avoid damage.
4)Removal of personal belonging of the
victims for safe keeping
09)OVERHAULING – To prevent the fire
from rekindling.
Looking for remaining sources of ignition
such as embers, open flames, sparks among
debris.
Making the area safe and habitable.
Gathering physical evidences among
debris to determine cause of the fire.
OVERHAULING
10) POST FIRE ANALYSIS
– To conduct a critique of what was
done during the fire operation.
Is a cooperative discussion of fire
personnel about all phases of fire from
the time of the alarm was received until
return to the station.
POST FIRE ANALYSIS