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Reaction Engineering
Heterogeneous reaction
Heterogeneous reaction
2
What is the Catalyst? A substance that affects the rate of a reaction but emerges
from the process unchanged.
What does catalyst do in reaction?
If chemical reaction only on catalyst surface
coefficient ?
8
Definition of reaction rate in heterogeneous reaction
• Mass of catalyst
• Volume of catalyst
• Surface of catalyst
Examle for Sa: 10 grams of catalyst may cover as much surface area as a football field
Bulk scale
Pore scale
Pore scale Single particle Bulk of particles
Nanoscale Microscale Macroscale
Pore scale
First-order reaction
After solution of
Differential Equation
𝑘
where
√
Thiele Modulus: mL = L
pore) 𝐷
(1st order in single
Single catalyst particle
16
Mass balance becomes:
WAr 4 r2r - WAr 4 r2r+r - rA (4 rm2) r = 0
ODE
Boundary condition
17
Thiele modulus
M T= 𝑘
Comparing to
√
MT= L
𝐷
for 1st order in single pore)
FA0 FA
W W W
FA (W ) F A(W W )
rA' W
FA (W ) FA (W W ) rA' W 0
FA dFA
W FA 0 rA'
Design equation for PBR:
Conversion
Weight of catalyst (lb)
X
dX
W FA 0
0
r ' A
Molar flow of A (t=0)
Rate of reaction
(lbmol A)/[(h)*(lb of catalyst)]
Equilibrium and Thermodynamics
for a reversible reaction, e.g. from thermodynamics
K = exp (- ) =
AR
XAe =
Calculation: Equilibrium Conversion as a function of Temperature
T (oC) T (K)
5 278 4851 1.000
15 288 2671 1.000
25 298 861 0.999
1.000
0.800
0.600
XAe
0.400
0.200
0.000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160
Temperature (celsius)
In the case of endothermic reaction, e.g. 298 = 75300 J/mol
1.200
1.000
0.800
0.600
0.400
0.200
0.000
-60 -50 -40 -30 -20 -10 0 10 20 30
Rate of reversible reaction
= () = ())
=
XA -rA 1/-rA
0 0.03 33.33
0.08 0.05 20.00
0.2 0.1 10.00
0.35 0.2 5.00
0.46 0.3 3.33
0.64 0.3 3.33
0.67 0.2 5.00
0.69 0.1 10.00
0.7 0.05 20.00
XA =
Cooling