DESIGN HISTORY OF

GREECE,ROMAN & EGYPT


IDS DESIGN SCHOOL

NAME : ZIN LAE LAE WIN

 ANCIENT GREECE
THE ANCIENT GREEKS WERE WONDERFUL ARCHITECTS & INVENTED THREE TYPES OF COLUMNS TO SUPPORT
THEIR BUILDINGS. THEY ARE THE MOST PROMINENT ELEMENT IN ANCIENT GREEK ARCHITECTURE. COLUMNS
SUPPORTED THE ROOF, BUT ALSO GAVE BUILDINGS A FEELING OF ORDER, STRENGTH, AND BALANCE. THEY
STARTED MAKING THE COLUMNS WHILE BUILDING TEMPLES.

Doric Ionic
Corinthium

 EARLIEST AND MOST SIMPLE  ONE OF FIVE CLASSICAL ORDERS  THE MOST DECORATIVE
OF THE CLASSIC ORDER. OF ARCHITECTURE OF THE THREE ORDERS,.
 CHARACTERIZED BY HEAVY  TALLER AND THINNER, WITH A DECORATIVE  FLUTED (GROOVED)
FLUTED COLUMNS WITH FOOT AND SCROLL-SHAPED VOLUTES ON SHAFTS. CAPITALS (THE
PLAIN, SAUCER-SHAPED THE CAPITAL. TOPS OF EACH SHAFT)
CAPITALS AND NO BASE.  ORNAMENTS ON THE CAPITAL, WHICH SITS DECORATED WITH
 AN ORDER INCLUDES THE AT THE TOP OF THE COLUMN SHAFT. ACANTHUS LEAVES AND
VERTICAL COLUMN AND  MORE SLENDER AND MORE ORNATE THAN FLOWERS AND
THE HORIZONTAL THE MASCULINE DORIC STYLE,  SOMETIMES SMALL
ENTABLATURE. SCROLLS.
Buildings of characterized by Doric , Ionic and Corinthian orders

Parthenon Temple(between 447 Athena Temple(425 BCE) Temple of Olympian Zeus

and 432 B.C. during) (174 BC–132 AD)
 ANCIENT GREECE
Characteristics of Ancient Greek Living standard (House design)

Ancient Greek houses were usually plain and

simple .They were made out of
• Sun –dried mud bricks
• Foundation of stones
• Roofs were made of overlapping clay tiles
• Pack mud floors except in the andron it
sometimes had tile floors

Ancient Greek House Style

• Interior spaces are separated

two parts for men , the Andron
and women ,the Gynaeceum.
• Rooms were arranged around
an open courtyard so that cool
air could build up and circulate
through the rooms during the
heat of the day.
Ancient Greek House (Interior)
 ANCIENT GREECE
Characteristics of Ancient Greek Living standard(Furniture & Color & Material)
 Furniture (Chair and Stool)

Klism os(Chair) Diphron (Stool)

 Color usage

Four colour: red, yellow, black and white. By blending

those four elements they enriched their colour palette.

Ancient Greek Wall Painting

(source from google)
 Material usage
The principal materials of Greek architecture were
wood, used for supports and roof beams; unbaked
brick, used for walls, especially of private houses;
limestone and marble, used for columns, walls, and
upper portions of temples and other public
buildings; terracotta (baked clay), used for roof tiles
 ANCIENT EGYPT
THE BEST KNOWN EXAMPLE OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN ARCHITECTURE ARE THE EGYPTIAN PYRAMIDS WHILE
EXCAVATED TEMPLES, PALACES, TOMBS AND FORTRESSES HAVE ALSO BEEN STUDIED. MOST BUILDINGS WERE
BUILT OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE MUD BRICK AND LIMESTONE BY LEVIED WORKERS. THERE WAS VERY LITTLE
WOOD AVAILABLE, STONE AND MUD BRICK WERE USED TO CONSTRUCT OF THE MOST BUILDINGS. STONE WAS
GENERALLY PREFERRED FOR TEMPLES AND PYRAMIDS.

• Fluted Columns. This early form of

column resembled bundled reeds or
plants stems but was sometimes made as
polygonal shafts as well.
• Lotiform columns.
• Palmiform columns.
• Papyriform column.
• Coniform columns.
• Tent Pole columns.
• Composite columns.
• Campaniform columns.
 ANCIENT EGYPT

Architecture. The ancient Egyptians built their pyramids, tombs, temples and palaces

out of stone, the most durable of all building materials.Apart from the pyramids,
Egyptian buildings were decorated with paintings, carved stone images, hieroglyphs
and three-dimensional statues.
• Egyptian pyramids were built to preserve tombs.
• Slaves were not forced to build the pyramids.
• The pyramids faced exactly due north. ...
• The Great Pyramid of Giza.
• The jewel. ...
• The doors of the pyramids weighed up to 20 tonnes
• The pyramids contained tunnels and mysterious boxes.
• The stones were heavier than elephants.
• Material : Limestone and Granite
• Pyramids were built for religious purposes. The
Egyptians were one of the first civilizations to believe
in an afterlife. They believed that a second self called
the ka lived within every human being. When the
Pyramid of Giza   physical body expired, the ka enjoyed eternal life.
(completed around 2560 BCE )
 ANCIENT EGYPT

Characteristics of Ancient Greek Living standard (House design)

• Ancient Egyptian houses were made

out of mud collected from the damp
banks of the Nile river. It was placed
in moulds and left to dry in the hot
sun to harden for use in construction.
If the bricks were intended to be used
in a royal tomb like a
pyramid, the exterior bricks would
also be finely chiselled and polished.
• palm logs used to support their roofs
and ceilings.
• Egyptian artists covered limestone
walls of tombs with a fine layer of
plaster, onto which
they painted various scenes.
Painters used primarily black, red,
yellow, brown, blue, and green
pigments. They mixed their colors in a
binder to make them stick to the dry
plaster.
 ANCIENT ROMAN
THE ROMAN ARCHITECTURAL REVOLUTION, ALSO KNOWN AS THE CONCRETE REVOLUTION, WAS THE
WIDESPREAD USE IN ROMAN ARCHITECTURE OF THE PREVIOUSLY LITTLE-USED ARCHITECTURAL FORMS OF
THE ARCH, VAULT, AND DOME. ROMAN ARCHITECTURE IS FAMOUS FOR ITS DOMES, ARCHES, AMPHITHEATERS,
TEMPLES, THERMAES (BATH HOUSES), ATRIUMS, AQUEDUCTS, APARTMENTS, HOUSES, AND FOR MANY OTHER
FACTORS THAT MADE IT UNIQUE. ART WAS OFTEN CARVED INTO THE WALLS OF STONE BUILDINGS DEPICTING
BATTLES, AND FAMOUS ROMANS.

ROMAN COLUMNS WERE PURELY FOR DECORATION,

UNLIKE GREEK COLUMNS THAT WERE USED TO SUPPORT
THEIR BUILDINGS AND TEMPLES. THERE WERE FOUR TYPES
OF COLUMNS USED THROUGHOUT THE ANCIENT
ROMAN EMPIRE. THESE COLUMNS WERE: DORIC, IONIC,
CORINTHIAN AND TUSCAN. THEY CAME ABOUT IN THE
DORIC ORDER.

Tuscan , Roman Doric, Roman Ionic,

Roman Corinthium
10 Magnificient examples of Ancient Roman Architecture : Source Google

ARCH OF SEPTIMIUS SEVERUS TEMPLES OF BAALBEK LIBRARY OF CELSUS PONT DU GARD AQUEDUCT OF SEGOVIA

MAISON CARRÉE DIOCLETIAN’S PALACE AMPHITHEATER, NIMES PANTHEON ROMAN COLOSSEUM

 ANCIENT ROMAN
Characteristics of Ancient Roman Living standard (House design)
Ancient Roman Domus Wealthy Roman citizens in the towns
lived in a domus. single-storey houses
which were built around a courtyard
known as an atrium.
Atriums had rooms opening
up off of them and they had no roofs. A
rich Roman house
had many rooms including kitchen, bath,
dining, bedrooms
and rooms for slaves.
Bathing played a major part in ancient
Roman culture and
society. Bathing was one of the most
common daily
activities in Roman culture, and was
practiced across
a wide variety of social classes. Though
many contemporary
cultures see bathing as a very private
activity conducted in the home, bathing
in Rome was a communal activity.
Ancient Roman Bath House
 ANCIENT ROMAN
Characteristics of Ancient Roman Furniture
A lararium, shrine to
the guardian spirits of
the Roman household
with the remains of
the lattice-work
screen from the house
of Menander at
Pompeii.

A strong box made of A bronze marble-topped

wood bound with With a single leg from Pompeii.
bronze and iron found
at Pompeii.

A round-topped
three-leg wood table A marble table with decorated
from Herculaneum ‘upright slab’ form Pompeii.
Note:Pompeii was an ancient city located in what is now the comune of
Pompei near Naples in the Campania region of Italy.
 Comparison of three era Ancient Egypt, Greece and Roman
Comparison of Ancient Egypt and Greece

• Egyptian architecture Architecture developed since 3000 bc and characterized by

post and lintel construction, massive walls covered with hieroglyphic and pictorial
carving, flat roofs, and structures such as the mastaba, obelisk, pylon and the
Pyramids. Houses were built of clay or baked bricks.

• The Ancient Greeks had a unique style of architecture that is still copied today in

government buildings and major monuments throughout the world. Greek
architecture is known for tall columns, intricate detail, symmetry, harmony, and
balance. The Greeks built all sorts of buildings.

• The Greek sculptures show some action or movement whereas

the Egyptian statues are just fixed ones. In Egyptian architecture, more ornamental
stones were used. Less durable marble and limestone is used in Greek architecture
 Comparison of three era Ancient Egypt, Greece and Roman
Comparison of Ancient Greece and Roman

Although, the Greeks did
prefer the use of the Doric and
Ionic orders, whereas
the Romans preferred the
more ornate Corinthian order.
... The Romans took great
credit for grasping the arch
and the dome, which are a
prominent feature in
ancient Roman architecture,
but not in Greek architecture