IPO Model

Blaise B. Nieve
Master of Arts in Nursing
Davao Doctors College
 ES!
IPO Model r i es o f BOX
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 Input – Process – Output Model
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 Provides the general structure and guide for the direction of a study.
 The MOST BASIC STRUCTURE for describing a process.
Why use it?
 It is useful in defining a process and recognizing the input variables
and responses or outputs.

When to use it?

 Understand what inputs are needed to achieve each specific output.

IPO Model
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converts input, by doing work, into output e of
the most important element of the model u t com
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 Input  Process  Output

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IPO Model
Basic Diagram

 Input  Process  Output

 Feedback
IPO Model
Input
 Something from the external environment that is “fed”
into the process;
 Consists of data that are to be tested; can be manipulated;
 Provided by an “external entity”.

IPO Model
Process
 A process is anything that converts input, by doing work,
into output;
 Most important element of the model;
 Viewed as a box (or series of boxes) which is known as
the processing element and is connected by inputs and
outputs.

IPO Model
Output
 The outcome;
 The result of processing the unit.

Feedback
 Any response to the outcome;
 May alter input or process.

IPO Model
Examples

IPO Model
Conversion of 37 °C to °F
 Input  Process  Output
Convert 37 °C to
37 °C °F using the 98 °F
solution

Input: 37 °C
Process: °F = °C x 9/5 + 32
Output: ? °F

IPO Model
Thermostat function
 Input  Process  Output
Senses temp Turns Heat/Cool
(41 °C) on/off Cool on

Input: Senses room temperature (41 °C)

Process: Decision on action (Heat/Cool on/off)
Output: Execution of action (Heat/Cool on/off)

IPO Model
 Side effects of chemotherapy
TERM EXAMPLE
Topic/focus Side effects of chemotherapy
Research Nausea and vomiting are common side effects among patients on chemotherapy,
problem and interventions to date have been only moderately successful in reducing these
(Problem effects. New interventions that can reduce or prevent these side effects need to
statement) be identified.

Statement of The purpose of the study is to test an intervention to reduce chemotherapy-

purpose induced side effects—specifically, to compare the effectiveness of patient-
controlled and nurse-administered antiemetic therapy for controlling nausea and
vomiting in patients on chemotherapy.

IPO Model
 Side effects of chemotherapy
Research What is the relative effectiveness of patient-controlled antiemetic therapy versus nurse-
question controlled antiemetic therapy with regard to control of nausea and vomiting in patients on
chemotherapy?

Hypotheses Subjects receiving antiemetic therapy by a patient-controlled pump will (1) be less
nauseous and (2) vomit less than subjects receiving the therapy by nurse administration.

Aims/objective This study has as its aim the following objectives: (1) to develop and implement two
s alternative procedures for administering antiemetic therapy for patients receiving moderate
emetogenic chemotherapy (patient controlled versus nurse controlled), (2) to test two
hypotheses concerning the relative effectiveness of the alternative procedures on the
control of side effects, and (3) to use the findings to develop recommendations for possible
changes to clinical procedures.

IPO Model
 Side effects of chemotherapy

 Input  Process  Output

1. Collection of the data through testing
each therapy to control and
experimental groups. Use of antiemetic therapy
Patient-controlled
antiemetic therapy
in controlling side effects
vs
2. Analysis, interpretation, and of chemotherapy
comparison of gathered data; evaluate the
Nurse-controlled relative effectiveness of the procedures on
antiemetic therapy the control of side effects of
chemotherapy.

3. Use the findings to develop

recommendations for possible changes to
clinical procedures.

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The End.

IPO Model