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Full Fractional
Basics of Factorial Factorial Screening Minitab
DOE Design Design Experiments Exercises
o Design of Experiments
o Levels:
Levels represent settings of each factor in the study
Examples include the oven temperature setting, no. of spoons of sugar,
no. of cups of flour, and no. of eggs
o Response:
Response is output of the experiment
In the case of cake baking, the taste, consistency, and appearance of the
cake are measurable outcomes potentially influenced by the factors and
their respective levels.
o Randomization
o Blocking
o Replication
Sometimes factors do not behave the same when they are looked at together
as when they are alone; this is called an interaction
The greater the difference in slope between the lines, the higher the degree of
interaction
However, the interaction plot doesn't alert you if the interaction is statistically
significant
Interaction plots are most often used to visualize interactions during ANOVA
or DOE
Blocking means to run all combinations at one level before running all
treatment combinations at the next level.
o Full Factorials
o Fractional Factorials
o Screening Experiments
o Plackett-Burman Designs
o Taguchis Orthogonal Arrays
Obtain a range of values for the difference between the means for each
pair of groups.
Open Minitab
• Go to Stat
• Go to ANOVA
• Go to One-way
• Enter Factors
• Enter Responses
80
transactions per
60
40
day
20
In full factorials, all of the possible combinations that are associated with
the factors and their levels are studied.
The effects that the main factors and all the interactions between factors
are measured.
If we use more than two levels for each factor, we can also study whether
the effect on the response is linear or if there is curvature in the
experimental region for each factor and for the interactions.
Main effect of A
= Mean response at+ level – Mean
response at – level
= (30+50)/2 – (10+20)/2 = 40 – 15
= 25
Main effect of B
= Mean response at+ level – Mean
response at – level
= (30+10)/2 – (50+20)/2 = 20 – 35
= -15
Interaction is obtained by
multiplying the factors involved
o Calculation of Aliases:
Aliases for a fractional factorial design can be obtained using the defining
relation for the design. The defining relation for the present design is:
I = ABC
Multiplying both sides of the previous equation by the main effect, gives
the alias effect of :
I*A = A*ABC
A = A2BC
A = BC
Note that in calculating the alias effects, any effect multiplied by remains
the same (), while an effect multiplied by itself results in (). Other aliases
can also be obtained:
B = AC
and:
C = AB
Fractional Factorial
Randomized Block Design or Plackett-
5 or more Design Burman