Telecommunications and

Networks

Chapter 6

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 Chapter 6 Outline
• An Overview of Communications
Systems
• Telecommunications
• Networks and Distributed
Processing
• Telecommunications and
Applications

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 Overview of
Telecommunications Systems

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Communications

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Communications

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Telecommunications

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Telecommunications Media

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 Basic Media Characteristics

• Channel Types
– Simplex channel
– Half-duplex
– Full-duplex channel
• Bandwidth
– The range of frequencies that an electronic signal
occupies on a given transmission medium.
– Used colloquially to mean data rate
• Broadband
– Transmission sent over a wide frequency band,
– Used colloquially to mean a very high data
transmission rate

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 Shannon’s Fundamental Law of
Information Theory

• The information carrying capacity of a channel is

directly proportional to its bandwidth - the
broader the bandwidth, the more information that
can be carried.

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 Media Types

• Twisted-Pair
• Coaxial Cable
• Fiber-Optic Cable
• Microwave Transmission (“wireless”)

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Twisted-Pair Wire Cable

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 Coaxial Cable

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Fiber Optic Cable

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Microwave Transmission

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Satellite Transmission

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Cellular Transmission

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Telecommunications
Devices

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 Devices

• Modems:
– Analog
– Digital
• Special-purpose modems
• Multiplexers
• Front-end processors

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 Modems

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 Multiplexers

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Front-End Processors

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Carriers and Services

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 Carriers and Services

• Common carriers
• Value-added carriers
• Switched and dedicated lines
• Private branch exchange (PBX)
• Wide-area telecommunications service (WATS)
• Phone and dialing services
• Digital subscriber line (DSL)
• T1 Carrier

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ISDN and Telecommunications
Convergence

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Carriers and Services

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Networks & Distributed
Processing

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Basic Processing Strategies

• Centralized processing
• Decentralized processing
• Distributed processing

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Network Topologies and Types
• Network topologies
– Ring network
– Bus network
– Hierarchical
– Star network
– Hybrid network
• Network types
– Local Area Networks
– Wide Area Networks
– International networks
– Home and small business networks

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 Network
Topologies

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Local Area
Networks

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Wide Area Networks

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Home and Small Business Networks

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Terminal-to-Host

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 File Server

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 Client/Server

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Communications Software and
Protocols

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Network Software and Protocols
• Network Software
– Network operating systems (NOS)
– Network management software
• Network Protocols
– Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model
– Transmission Control Protocol/Internet
Protocol (TCP/IP)
– Systems Network Architecture (SNA)
– Ethernet
– Asynchronous Transfer Mode (TM)
– Bluetooth

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Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) Model

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Network Interconnectivity
Technology

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Bridge, Routers, and Gateways

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Telecommunications and
Applications

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 Telecommunications and
Applications

• Voice mail
• Electronic Software Distribution (ESD)
• Telecommuting
• Videoconferencing
• Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

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Videoconferencing

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Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)

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Public Network Services

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 Summary
• Communications - any process that
permits information to pass from a
sender to one or more receivers
• Telecommunications media - twisted-
pair wire cable, coaxial cable, and fiber-
optic cable
• Modems - convert signals from digital to
analog for transmission, then back to
digital
• Ethernet - the most widely installed local
area network (LAN) technology

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 Principles and Learning Objectives

• Effective communication is essential to

organizational success

– DEFINE THE TERMS COMMUNICATION

AND TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND
DESCRIBE THE COMPONENTS OF A
TELECOMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM.

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 Principles and Learning Objectives
• An unmistakable trend of communications technology is
that more people are able to send and receive all forms
of information over greater distances at a faster rate.

– IDENTIFY THREE BASIC TYPES OF COMMUNICATIONS

MEDIA AND DISCUSS THE BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF
EACH.
– IDENTIFY SEVERAL TYPES OF TELECOMMUNICATIONS
HARDWARE DEVICES AND DISCUSS THE ROLE THAT
EACH PLAYS.
– IDENTIFY THE BENEFITS ASSOCIATED WITH A TELECOM
NETWORK.
– NAME THREE DISTRIBUTED PROCESSING ALTERNATIVES
AND DISCUSS THEIR BASIC FEATURES.
– DEFINE THE TERM NETWORK TOPOLOGY AND IDENTIFY
FIVE ALTERNATIVES.

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 Principles and Learning Objectives

• The effective use of telecommunications

and networks can turn a company into an
agile, powerful, and creative organization,
giving it a long-term competitive
advantage.

– IDENTIFY AND BRIEFLY DISCUSS

SEVERAL TELECOMMUNICATIONS
APPLICATIONS.

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End of Chapter 6

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