BS 4th Semester

Applied Chemistry
Course code: CHM-121

Dr. Komal Rizwan

Department of Chemistry
University of Sahiwal
 Objectives

• To understand about polymer industry

• To understand preparation of polymers with different methods

• To understand about Applications of polymers in life

 Natural polymers

Gelatin

 Translucent, colorless

 A high molecular weight polypeptide

 It consist of 19 amino acid

 Water soluble

 Proteins from animal source -Elastin, albumin and fibrin.

 Natural polymers

Gelatin

 Used in tablet coating,

 Suppositories, Gelatin emulsions

 Gelatin as nanoparticle and microparticles

 Natural polymers

Chitin

 Sources are mollusks, annelids arthropods.

 constituent of the mycelia and spores of many fungi.

 Used as Nanoparticles & microparticles in controlled drug delivery.

 Mucosal, nasal, peroral drug delivery.

 Advantages and disadvantages
of natural polymers
Advantages Disadvantages

Biodegradable Microbial contamination

Biocompatible and non-toxic Batch to Batch variation

Low cost The uncontrolled rate of

hydration

Environmentall Slow process

Local availability (especially in Heavy Metal contamination

developing countries
 Different synthetic polymers

Synthetic polymer

Polyvinyl chloride Epoxy resins

Polyamide;
Polystyrene Nylon-6,6,
Bakelite

Polyethylene
Different synthetic polymeric products
 Synthetic Polymers
Polyethylene

 Polyethylene or polyethene is the most common plastic

 Melting point: 115–135 °C.

 Polyethylene chemical formula is (C 2H4)n.

 Polyethylene is made from the polymerization of ethylene (or ethene)

monomer.
 Synthetic Polymers
Applications of Polyethylene in daily life

 Packaging Applications Consumer Goods

 Fibers and Textiles

 Pipes and Fittings

 Stretch film

 Agricultural film

 Gramophones recorders
 Synthetic Polymers
Polystyrene

 Polystyrene is a addition polymer

 Melting point: 240°C 

 Polystyrene chemical formula is (C8H8)n

 Polystyrene is made from the polymerization of styrene monomer.

 Synthetic Polymers
Applications of Polystyrene in daily life

 Building and Construction

 Food Packaging

 Industrial Packaging

 Sports helmets

 Infant car seats

 Chairs

 Seating in sports cars

 Synthetic Polymers
Polyvinyl Chloride

 Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) is a high strength thermoplastic

material

 Most widely produced synthetic plastic polymer

 Melting point 260 °C

 Polyvinyl Chloride chemical formula is (C8H8)n

 Synthetic Polymers
Polyvinyl Chloride
 Polyvinyl Chloride is made from the polymerization of vinyl
Chloride monomer.
Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride
 Construction; Window Frames, Pipes, House Siding.
 Domestic; Curtain Rails, Drawer Sides, Laminates, Audio and
Videotape recorders, Shower Curtains, Leather Cloth
 Synthetic polymers

Applications of Polyvinyl Chloride

 Packaging; Bottles, Blister Packs, Transparent Packs. 

 Clothing; Safety Equipment.

 Electrical; Insulation pipes, Jacketing, Electricity Switches

 Transport; Car Seat Backs, Roof Linings,

 Synthetic polymers

Nylon-6,6

 Nylon-6,6 is most important polymide

 Melting point: 268.8 °C.

 chemical formula is (C6H11NO)n

 Nylon-6,6 is made from the adipic acid(hexanedioic acid) with

hexamethylene diamine.
 Synthetic polymers

Applications of Nylon 6,6

For Home Use; dresses, handbags, backpacks, umbrellas, carpets

For Industrial Purposes: hoses, tire cords, conveyor and seat belts,

 nets, footwear.

Textile industry: sewing thread.

 Synthetic polymers

The number code indicates the polymer type

 Synthetic polymers

Polymer Recycling Codes

 Classification based on polymerization

 Addition polymers

 Condensation polymers
 Classification based on polymerization

Addition polymerization

An addition polymer is a polymer which is formed by an addition

reaction, where many monomers bond together via rearrangement of

bonds without the loss of any atom or molecule.

This process involves three steps:
Some Common Addition Polymers
 Classification based on polymerization

Condensation Polymerization

 Molecules join together by losing small molecules as by

products such as water or methanol.

Some common Condensation Polymers
Classification based on molecular
force
 Thermoplastic Polymers

 Thermosetting polymers
Refrences

 Polymer Science – Vasant R. Gowariker

 Text book of polymer science – Bill Mayer