QUESTIONNAIRE

QUESTIONNAI DESIGN,
STRUCTURE, AND
RE IN FORMATTING,
BUSINESS DEVELOPING
WHEN YOU CANT
RESEARCH FIND ONE
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WATCH THE VIDEO SESSION
CONTENTS
 What is Operational Definition?
 How to search the questionnaire?
 Structure of a Research Questionnaire
 Consideration when designing a questionnaire for a study
 Common mistakes when designing a questionnaire
 Develop a basic questionnaire when you cant find one
START WITH OPERATIONAL
DEFINITION
 The very first step is the operational definition of the constructs.
 Simply it means, How do you plan to operationalize (use) the
construct in your study?
 How do you define the constructs in your study?
 The measurement is guided by the operational definition
OPERATIONAL DEFINITION
Operationalization is the process of strictly defining variables into measurable factors. The process defines vague
concepts and allows them to be measured, empirically and quantitatively
HOW TO SEARCH FOR A
QUESTIONNAIRE
• Existing Research Papers
(Use Mendeley or Google Scholar)
• Scale Handbooks
 STRUCTURE A RESEARCH QUESTIONNAIRE
1. A research questionnaire is a critical source of data to be collected from the participants in the
study.
2. The questionnaire represents one part of the survey process. It is, however, a very vital part of
the process. A poorly written questionnaire will not provide the data that are required or, worse,
will provide data that are incorrect.
CONSIDERATIONS
 Code the questions
 Rephrase to meet the requirements
 At least 4-5 items in a construct
 Single/Multi-Dimensional Scales
 Design the questionnaire with analysis in mind
 Define the terminologies that may be difficult to understand
 Length of the Questionnaire
 Focus on the wording of the questionnaire
 Keep your answer choices balanced (a. Very helpful b. Helpful c. Neither helpful nor
unhelpful. And here’s how they’d look once balanced (a. Very helpful b. Helpful c. Neither
helpful nor unhelpful d. Unhelpful e. Very unhelpful)
REVIEW THE QUESTIONNAIRE
 Does the questionnaire have items that compliment the operational
definition?
 Has the questionnaire followed the necessary questionnaire
development guidelines?
 Is it from a quality journal?
 Has the reliability and validity established?
 Is it easy to understand for my respondents?
COMMON MISTAKES
 Failure to relate your questionnaire with the study objectives
 Lack of proper operationalization of constructs.
 Grammatical mistakes
 Assuming the respondents have prior knowledge about the
terminologies
 Selecting scale before operationalization
 Questions asked inaccurately by the interviewer
 Failure of the respondent to understand the question
 Asking respondents to describe attitudes on subjects for which they
hold no conscious attitude.
COMMON MISTAKES
 Failure of the interviewer to record the reply accurately or completely
(Record)
 Failure of the questionnaire to record the reply accurately or
completely. Lack of clarity in the questionnaire
 Using the Wrong Likert Scale
 Google/Search Engine Questionnaires
 Copying from Thesis
 Adopting/Adapting from non-peer reviewed databases
 Not going to the original sources
 You need a scale for each construct in the study
SOME EXAMPLES
DEVELOPING A QUESTIONNAIRE WHEN
ONE IS
1. Identify the NOT AVAILABLE
Conceptualization
2. If cant, identify what is meant by the concept
3. What are the characteristics of the concept
4. Identify the key terms that describe the concept
5. Talk to an expert and see if your identification and conceptualization is in line with the concept.
6. Draft statements for each term/characteristic identified
7. Remove any repetition
8. Avoid Multiple Questions in a single statement (I am satisfied with the pay and commission)
9. Check its language
10. Get it reviewed by an expert in the field
11. Use it for your study.

NOTE: Do not establish links within questions – that is done through the analysis

* The aforementioned steps are only for short scale, if you want to conduct scale development study
you will need to incorporate some other steps as well.
EXAMPLE DEVELOPMENT OF
QUESTIONNAIRE
1. Internal Marketing Scale