MSPP 개요 (1)

< EOS 기술 >

코위버㈜
 1. EOS
EoS (Ethernet over SDH)
- GFP (Generic Framing Procedure)
: Ethernet 신호를 SDH 전송로를 통하여 전송하기 위한 Framing 방법
- Vcat (Virtual Concatenation)
: 사용자의 Bandwith 에 맞게 SDH 에서 사용되는 기본적인 단위 신호 (VC12/VC3/VC4) 를
n 배 하여 SDH Frame 에 할당하는 방법
- LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme)
: 서비스의 중단 없이 가상연결그룹의 (VCG) 의 Channel 을 Add/Remove 하는 기능

Customer Operator
Adaptation Core
Edge

Ethernet

ㄴ SDH MUX/DEMUX
LCAS
Native Interfaces

GFP VC?
Ficon Link
Capacity
Generic Virtual SDH
Adjustment
Escon Frame Concatenation Scheme
Procedure
Fiber
Channel

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 2 / 21

 2. EOS 계층구조
SDH
Layer Model

Payload

Encapsulation
Layer
Added Layers
VCAT Layer
EOS 기술 추가
TU Path VC-3 Path
Layer Layer (GFP, VCAT, LCAS)

VC-4 Path Layer

Multiplexer Section Layer

Regenerator Section Layer

Physical Layer

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 3 / 21

 3. EOS 매핑
9 10 270
1
Payload
C2
4 Pointers H4
GFP
STM-1 LAPS

P GFP Payload
O
H
9

GFP (frame mapped)

4 4-64 64-1522 4

GFP Payload

(optional)
Core Payload

FCS
Header Header Ethernet frame

Ethernet Frame
7 1 6 6 2 2 2 42-1500 4

Length/ Data / PAD

MAC
type
Tag
SFD

Destination Source = Client

FCS
Preamble Control
address address 802.1Q
Info.
length /
Tag type
Type

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 4 / 21

 4. GFP
GFP (Generic Frame Procedure)

- GFP-F (Framed Mapped)

: 하나의 Client Frame 을 하나의 GFP Frame 에 Mapping (1:1 매핑 )
: Minimum Overhead (e.g. Etherent )
: Variable Length : 4 ~ 65539 bytes

- GFP-T (Transparent Mapped)

: Client Characters 를 Fixed GFP Frame 에 직접 Mapping (Block 단위 매핑 )
: Minimum Latency (e.g. Fiber Channel)

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 5. GFP 프레임 인터페이스
Ethernet

ESCON

Signals
IP/PPP

FICON

Client
Other
POS

RPR

FC
Framed Mapped GFP Client Specific Aspect
Transparent Mapped
GFP (Client Dependent) GFP

GFP Common Aspect

(Client Independent)

SONET/SDH Path OTN Path

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 6 / 21

 6. GFP 프레임 구조 (1)
• GFP Client Frame Structure

• GFP Frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
PLI (15:8)
16-Bit Payload
Length Indicator PLI (7:0)
cHEC Field
# of OCTETs (CRC-16)

Core cHEC (15:8)

4 Payload Headers
Header
(4-64 Bytes) cHEC (7:0)

Notes:
Payload CLIENT PLI Codes of 0-3 reserved for GFP control
4 -65535 Area PAYLOAD frames
INFORMATION
cHEC Polynomial = x16 + x12 + x5 + 1
FIELD
cHEC calculated over Core header only.
Core header scrambled with B6AB31E0H

Optional Payload FCS

(CRC-32)

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 7 / 21

 6. GFP 프레임 구조 (2)
• GFP Client Frame Structure

• GFP Frame 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 P
PTI F EXI
I
TYPE
UPI
tHEC
GFP Payload Type Identifiers
Extension Header
000 Client Data
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Field 100 Client Management
Other Reserved
Payload Headers eHEC
(4-64 Bytes) GFP Payload FCS Indicator
0 FCS Absent
Notes:
1 FCS Present
2-byte Payload Type field
GFP Extension Header Identifiers
CLIENT PTI - Payload Type Identifier(3 bits) Used for single
PAYLOAD PFI - Payload FCS Indicator (1 bit)
0000 Null Extension Header client, point-to-point
applications
INFORMATION
EXI - Extension Header Identifier (4 bits) Used for port
FIELD 0001 Linear Frame aggregation over a
UPI - User Payload Identifier (8 bits) single transport path
0010 Ring Frame For further study
Other Reserved


Optional Payload FCS
(CRC-32)
Continued
Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 8 / 21
 6. GFP 프레임 구조 (3)
• GFP Client Frame Structure
Notes:
P
2-byte Payload Type field
PTI F EXI
PTI - Payload Type Identifier(3 bits) I

PFI - Payload FCS Indicator (1 bit) UPI

EXI - Extension Header Identifier (4 bits)
UPI - User Payload Identifier (8 bits)

User Payload Identifiers for GFP Client Frames GFP Client Management Frame User Payload
PTI = 000 PTI = 100
00H Reserved- do not use 00H Reserved- do not use
01H Frame Mapped Ethernet Client Signal Fail (Loss of
01H
02H Frame Mapped PPP Client signal)
03H Transparent Fiber Channel 03H thru FEH Reserved for future use
04H Transparent FICON FFH Reserved- do not use
05H Transparent ESCON
06H Transparent Gb Ethernet
07H Reserved for future use
Frame Mapped Multiple
08H Access Protocol over SDH
(MAPOS)
09H thru EFH Reserved for future use
F0H thru FEH Reserved for proprietary use

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 9 / 21

 7. 이더넷 신호 Encapsulation
• GFP Ethernet Encapsulation Specified per ITU-T G.7041/Y.1303

• IEEE 802.3 Ethernet MAC Frame • GFP Frame

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
# of OCTETs
# of OCTETs Preamble PLI Field 2
7

1 Start of Frame Delimiter cHEC Field 2

Type Field
6 Destination Address (DA) 2

6 tHEC Field
Source Address (SA) 2
2 Length/Type Extension Header 0 - 60

46-1500
MAC Client Data
GFP
PAD

4 FCS Payload
Information
Field

Optional FCS

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 10 / 21

 8. VCAT
VCAT (Virtual Concatenation)
- Fine Granularity(VC12/VC3/VC4) 단위로 n 배 하여 BoD(Bandwidth of
Demand) 서비스 제공 가능 .
- 각 VC 단의 H4(High order) / K4(Low order) 를 이용하여 VC 의 SQ
(Sequence Indicator) 와 FC(Frame Counter) 를 부여하여 같은 VCG 내의
VC 들을 구별 하며 Sorting .
- 각 VC 들이 다른 경로를 통하여 수신 가능하기 때문에 도착시간이 모두 다르게
되므로 지연시간 (Differential Delay) 을 보상하기 위하여 Buffer 를 이용 .

VC-4
Path 1 #1
Differential Delay
VC-4 VC-4 VC-4
#1 #1 #1
VC-4 VC-4
VC-4 #2
#2 #2

VC-4 VC-4-2v
Path 2 #2

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 11 / 21

 9. VCAT 효율성
• Vcat (Virtual Concatenation) Rate Efficient

Granularity X Capacity In steps of

2,176kbps to
VC12-Xv 1~46 2,176 kbps
100,096kbps
48,384kbps to
VC3-Xv 1~21 48,384kbps
1,016,064 kbps
149,384 kbps
VC4-Xv 1~7 149,384kbps
to 1045688

Data Rates 기존 방식 (CCAT) VCAT

Ethernet (10M) VC3 20% VC-12-5v  92%
Fast Ethernet (100M) VC-4 67% VC-12-46v  100%
Gigabit Ethernet (1G) VC-4-16c 42% VC-4-7v  85%

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 12 / 21

 10. VCAT 장점
VCAT (Virtual Concatenation) 장점 .

1. Use existing SONET/SDH network

• Contiguous Concatenation 구성 시 모든 Network 의 장치는 반드시
Contiguous Concatenation 구성
• VCAT 구성 시 Edge Node 에서만 VCAT 구성

2. Choose the most suitable size of Container

• SDH Bandwidth 을 효율적으로 사용하기 위해 가입자 신호 형태에 따라
Container 상자 선택 가능 .(VC12/VC3/VC4)

3. 연접된 VC 채널들을 다른 라인 ( 경로 ) 를 통해 전송가능 .

• 1Gbps 서비스를 위해 최소 가용 밴드 폭이 VC4 x 7 개 이상이 필요했지만 ,
다른 경로의 가용 Bandwidth 을 이용하여 전송가능 하므로 효율적인 망
구성이 가능 .

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 13 / 21

 11. VCAT 구성
1 X X+1 X*260
1

Fixed stuff
C-4-Xc
페이로드 크기 =X*149.760Mbit/s
9 ( 260*9*8000*8) 125s
VC-4-Xv 를 구성하기 위해
1 261
X 개의 독립된 VC-4 로 매핑
J1
B3
각각의 VC-4 는 자신의 C2
path overhead 를 갖는다 . 1 G1
J1 F2
B3 H4
C2 F3 VC-4-Xv
G1 K3 VC-4#X
Virtual concatenation F2 N1 125s
sequence 와 multi-frame H4
indicator 로 사용됨 F3
K3
VC-4#1
N1 125s
1 X+1

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 14 / 21

 12. VCAT 순서 표시
H4 byte
Bit1 Bit2 Bit3 Bit4 Bit5 Bit6 Bit7 Bit8 1st multi- 2nd multi-
frame frame
number number
1st multiframe indicator MFI1 (bit 1-4)

Sequence indicator MSB (bit 1-4) 1 1 1 0 14

n-1
Sequence indicator LSB (bits 5-8) 1 1 1 1 15
2nd multiframe indicator MFI2 MSB (bit 1-4) 0 0 0 0 0
2nd multiframe indicator MFI2 LSB (bits 5-8) 0 0 0 1 1
CTRL 0 0 1 0 2
0 0 0 GID 0 0 1 1 3
Reserved (“0000”) 0 1 0 0(1) 4(5)
CRC-8 0 1 1 0(1) 6(7) n
Member status MST 1 0 0 0(1) 8(9)
0 0 0 RS_Ack 1 0 1 0 10
Reserved (“0000”) 1(1,1) 0(1,1) 1(0,0) 1(0, 1) 11,12,13
Sequence indicator SQ MSB (bit 1-4) 1 1 1 0 14
Sequence indicator SQ LSB (bits 5-8) 1 1 1 1 15
2nd multiframe indicator MFI2 MSB (bit 1-4) 0 0 0 0 0
n+1
2nd multiframe indicator MFI2 LSB (bits 5-8) 0 0 0 1 1

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 15 / 21

 13. LCAS
LCAS (Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme)
LCAS 는 Vcat 의 Source 와 Sink 사이의 사용자의 Bandwidth 을 서비스 중단 없이 증감 할 수
있는 기능을 제공 .

VC-4
#1
VC-4
VCG #2
VC-4 VCG
VC-4 Path 1
#3 VC-4
#1
VC-4 #1
VC-4
#2
VC-4 #2
VC-4
#3
#3
LOS VC-4 VC-4
#4 #4
Path 2

VC Member 의 Los 발생시 전체 VC Member 을 Drop (LCAS=Disable) ,

LCAS Enable 시 Sink 단에서 해당 VC Member status 을 Fail 로 보고
Source 단에서 Ctrl 비트를 이용하여 DNU Message 을 Sink 단에 전달 하고
Drop Sink Node 에서는 해당 VC 을 Demapping 하지 않으므로 계속적인
서비스제공 가능

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 16 / 21

 14. LCAS 장점
LCAS 정의
• Virtual Concatenated Group(VC-n-Xv) 를 이용하여 Virtual
Container 개수를 동적으로 (Dynamically) 변화 ( 증감 ) 시키는 기능
.

LCAS 장점
• Flexibility in Bandwidth Allocation
• In Service 상태에서 서비스에 영향 없이 Ethernet 신호에 대한
대역폭을 증가 / 감소할 수 있음 .
• More Efficient Protection
• Extra Traffic 활용을 통한 정상 상태에서 최대 Throughput 제공 .
• 장애로 인한 절체 시 Topology 변경 없음으로 , 재연결을 위한 IP
Routing Protocol 불필요 .

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 17 / 21

 15. LCAS 특징
LCAS 단 방향 프로토콜
- Forward 와 Inward 방향은 독립적인 운용
- 한쪽 링크의 VCG 의 변화는 다른 링크에 어떤 영향을 미치지 않음
- LCAS 는 항상 Backward 방향으로 적어도 하나의 VC 을 이용하여 Ack 정보를 수신
받을 수 있음을 가정한다 .

Multi-frame Indicator
Frame counter
Control bit Group Synchronize Sequence number
Same VCG member 동일
CRC check Identification Source & Sink Unique number

CRC GID CTRL SQ MFI

Source Sink

Source to Sink Communication

Sink to Source Communication

MST RS-Ack
Member Re-Sequence
Status Acknowledge

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 18 / 21

 16. LCAS 제어신호
1 2 87
J1 H4 Bits 5-8
B3 H4 Bits 1-4
(MFI1)
C2
Member status (MST) MSBs 8
G1
F2 Member status (MST) LSBs 9
H4 RS-Ack (“000x”) 10
Z3 Reserved(“0000”) 11
Z4 Reserved(“0000”) 12
N1 Reserved(“0000”) 13
Sequence indicated SQ MSBs 14
Path Overhead STS-1 Payload Capacity Sequence indicated SQ LSBs 15
MFI2 MSBs (Bits 1-4) 0
Two stage Multiframe allows differential delays up to 256ms MFI2 LSBs (Bits 5-8) 1
1st Multiframe Indicated (MFI1) is incremented every 125us frame CTRL 2
GID(“000x”) 3
- Stage 1 multiframe cycle =16 x 125us = 2ms
Reserved(“0000”) 4
2nd Multiframe Indicated(MFI2) is incremented every multiframe Reserved(“0000”) 5
- Stage 2 multiframe cycle =256 x 2ms = 512ms CRC-8 6
High order control packet (used for virtual Concatenation and LCAS) CRC-8 7

spans from MFI1 = 8 to MFI1 =7 in next multiframe

LCAS High Order Control Packet Info

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42

RS-
MFI1 MFI2 Sequence Ind (SQ) CTRL GID Member Status (MST) 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42
Ack
OK
Fixed FAIL
Multiframe indicated allows Identifies a member of ADD
compensation for differential a VCG NORM
EOS Pseudo-Random bit sequence-identical for
delays all member of a VCG
IDLE Toggled when all members of VCG
DNU validated

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 19 / 21

 17. LCAS 동작
The mechanism for Link Capacity Adjustment Scheme allows communication between the
transmit/source and receive/sink functions so that both ends are in synchronism through control
packets which are embedded in the H4 byte.
The information exchanged, in addition to Multi-Frame Indicator (MFI) field and Sequence
Indicator (SQ) field from the Source to the sink for framing purposes

Multi-frame Frame 번호 H4 Bits

Control (CTRL) field N+1 2 1-4 From
Source
Group Identification (GID) N+1 3 4 to Sink
Bits 1-3 set to“0”

CRC N+1 6&7 1-4

Multi-frame Frame H4 Bits

From
Sink to Member Status (MST) field N 8&9 1-4
Source
Re-Sequence Acknowledge (RS-Ack) bit N 10 4
Bits 1-3 set to“0”

Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 20 / 21

 18. LCAS 제어신호 의미
Member status
LCAS functions by transmitting the future state of each member
Member status
during the current multi-frame 2 through the control field
000 Rs-ACK
Control Field value 0000
Command Remarks
(Bits 1-4) 0000
0000 FIXED Default for non-LCAS mode .This is an indication 0000
that this end uses fixed bandwidth
Sequence # Bits 1-4
0001 ADD This member is about to be added to the group
Sequence# Bits 5-8
Do not use the payload
MFI-2 Bits 1-4
0010 NORM Normal transmission i.e. an active member
MFI-2 Bits 5-8
0011 EOS End of Sequence indication i.e. the active
member with the highest active sequence Control
number and Normal transmission
000 GID
0101 IDLE This member is not part of the group or about to
0000
be removed. Do not use payload
0000
1111 DNU Do Not Use (the payload) the Sk side reported
FAIL status CRC
CRC

To identify membership of a virtual group, the same pseudo –random pattern of 215 –1 is
transmitted by each member via the Group Id number ( GID bit).
A CRC-8 field protects the contents of the control packet which are rejected if the CRC
check fails , given that LCAS is used.
Communication Weaver Co., Ltd 21 / 21