GS12 SPECIAL

PROCESSES_JC01
ADELCE NATALIA INAS
CONTENTS:
1. Introduction of oil and gas industry
and LNG process
2. Environment factors and constrain
affecting the business sector
3. Description of Tangguh LNG
Facilities
4. Description of processing operation
of Tangguh LNG and wells to sales
and export
5. The process within the context of
Indonesia, Asia and Global sector
6. Health and safety issues
7. Environmental concerns associated
with the process
8. Methods of flares, bunds, water
treatment, waste disposal to
minimize environmental concern
Introduction of oil and gas industry and LNG process

 Oil and gas industry

Oil and gas industry is a global powerhouse. The

largest volumes of products of the oil and gas
industry are fuel oil and gasoline (petrol).
The industry is divided into three major
stages: Upstream, midstream, and downstream.
Introduction of oil and gas industry and LNG process
 LNG process
Liquefied natural gas is natural gas, primarily composed of methane, which has been converted to liquid form for
ease of storage and transport.
Natural Gas condenses at approximately -160⁰C (-260⁰F) or very low temperature and it is called “Cryogenic
Liquid”.
Processing of LNG includes cleaning it by separating and removing various extraneous compounds, including
carbon dioxide and water.
The are some characteristic of LNG:
1. Liquid hydrocarbon
2. Colorless
3. Odorless
4. Non-toxic
5. Cryogenic temperature
6. Clean energy
Awareness of LNG process in the global, and influencing factors and
constrain affecting the business sector
 Environmental factors & constrains

Environmental Pollution Climate Change 

Policies 
Awareness of LNG process in the global, and influencing factors and
constrain affecting the business sector

Availability of natural resources Green Agenda Recycling

Description of Tangguh LNG Facilities

 Tangguh LNG Facility

LNG Facility

Non process facility

Process facility (PF)
(NPF)

Admin building, Central building, custom building, dormitory,

warehouse, workshop, fire station, shore base, combo dock, Platforms (VRA an VRB), ORF, LNG jetty, LNG tanks, BOG (Boil
and camps off Gas), utility, and two trains
Process facility
 Non process facility
Dormitory

Restaurant

Office Building
Description of processing operation of Tangguh LNG and wells to sales and
export
 Tangguh LNG process

CO 2 Train 1
Fuel to Turbines
Onshore Receiving Facility and Heaters
Dehydration LNG
Acid Gas Liquefaction LNG to
From Gas and Mercury
Slug Removal Storage Consumers
Production Removal
Catcher
Facilities

Condensat
Fractionation

Wate
r
Refrigerant

e
From Gas Slug
Production Make Up
Catcher
Facilities

Fuel
To
Condensate/ Train 2 Condensate to
Condensate Condensate
Condensate
Water Consumers
Stabilization Storage
Storage
Separator

Produced
''
Water To Discharge
Treatment
Description of processing operation of Tangguh LNG and wells to sales and
export
 Wells to sales and export
The process within the context of Indonesia, Asia and Global sector
 How does the facility compare against other in Indonesia, Asia, and world wide

Tangguh LNG Plant Bontang LNG Plant Qatar LNG Plant US LNG Plant

General Properties affecting fire hazard:
The fire hazard it depends on the fire
triangle which is shown in the drawing.
Remove one of the those elements will
prevent the fire from occurring
Cryogenic temperatures:
When transferring LNG, considerable
care has to be taken to cool down the
transfer lines in order to avoid excessive
amounts of vapor from being formed.
Health and safety issues
Fire hazard during transportation:
Fire will occur during the transportation
when there is a leakage thank or storage
which result in LNG spill and cause the
fire depends on cryogenic temperatures
where the LNG will form into vapor and
burn where there is enough oxygen and
support by hot surface. So, good
insulation should be designed to the tank
or any storage to resist the temperature
Large spill:
If a spill or leak followed by a
vaporization event were to occur in or
near water, then water in contact with the
spilled LNG can accelerate the
vaporization process and increase the
concentration of vapor in the immediate
area. The are some safety consideration
such as isolate source of LNG. If loading,
the ESD system should be activated,
protect the hull from risk of cold fracture,
and speed vaporization to minimize
ignition risk
Environmental Concern

Impact magnitude
• Loss of wildlife
(forest clearing)
• Onshore soil • Cumulative
Indirect impact
condition Impact of • high risk of damaging the
• Water quality any physical- equipment or plant due to
• Economic crisis chemical the process failure
• Noise from
(loss of such as gas • How long to carry out the
production well production) emission
drilling maintenance
• Reduce of the cost due to
Cumulative &
some factors above
associated
Direct impact impact
Methods of flares, bunds, water treatment, waste disposal to minimize
environmental concern
Methods of flares, bunds, water treatment, waste disposal to minimize
environmental concern
 Flares
Methods of flares, bunds, water treatment, waste disposal to minimize
environmental concern
 Bunds

a i ry

t
en
nt m a
nm
Co Pri
Bund
Methods of flares, bunds, water treatment, waste disposal to minimize
environmental concern
 Water treatment
Methods of flares, bunds, water treatment, waste disposal to minimize
environmental concern
Waste disposal

Non hazardous waste hazardous waste

Store them to hazardous

waste storage and
deliver them to
company in Indonesia
which can manage the
hazardous waste without
throwing them to
environment

Burn in incinerator Hazardous storage