RURALS-2020

SOCIO-CULTURAL AND PUBLIC ADMISNISTRATION

SHIVA GEETHANJALI , GOPI KANNAN , BRINTHA , LOGESH, ASHIQ ,
NIRMALRAJ.
 SOCIAL CULTURAL
,ADMINISTRATIVE AND RELIGIOUS
INSTITUTIONAL MAPPING TO
SCALE WITH VIEWS /PHOTOS
SOCIAL LIFE & CULTURE

When we hear someone say 'Kerala', so many beautiful

sights cross our mind. Famed as God's Own Country, Kerala
is indeed an ideal vacation spot and has also been called as
one of the paradises of the world. Kerala is well known for
its scenic locations, the Kerala architecture which is used to
design its majestic temples, festivals like Onam, its variety
of food and also its vast and rich Malayalam literature.
 Here are some of the elements of
culture:
CUISINE:
 The food of Kerala
consists of a wide variety
of vegetarian and non-
vegetarian food.
 The food consists of fish,

meat, poultry and rice

preparations.
 Kerala food is loaded with

many spices as well. 

 They use coconut oil and

milk in thickening flavors.

CLOTHING
 Women of Kerala wear sarees and
blouse. During festivals, they
wear set sarees called Kasavu.
 Men wear 'mundu' which is a long

piece of a garment wrapped

around their waist in a certain
manner.
 Mundu, an integral part of Kerala

Culture is similar to a lungi and a

dhoti. Younger generations
mostly wear western clothing.
 However, lungis are still very

common for casual occasions

whereas sarees are worn for
formal occasions.
FOLK DANCE & MUSIC DANCE
 The folk dance of Kerala
consists of the Kaikotti Kali
dance, Kuthiyottam dance,
Tiruvathira Dance,
Thirayattam dance,
Kakkarissi Kali, etc.
 Women sing Thiruvathira

songs, which are full of

literary wealth. The women
dance gracefully and move
in clockwise and anti-
clockwise circles while
clapping their hands.
ART & CRAFT
 Kerala is famous for
its Art. Some of the
arts revolve around
Chinese ceramics,
brass-inlay,
caskets, teapots, tin
candle stands, bells
and lamps, etc.
 FESTIVALS
• Onam is a 10-day harvest festival celebrated in Kerala in the month of August -
September. The festival is celebrated with grandeur. There are fairs and contests for
people to indulge in. The floors are decorated with flower designs; there are dances
for celebration and a snake boat race (Aranmula Boat Race) contest called Vallamkali
is also carried out. The tenth or the last day of Onam is said to be most important
and is one of the most popular manifestations of Culture of Kerala.

 Vishu is the New Year for the Keralites. The

first month is called Medam, which usually
comes around April. Vishukani are the various
offerings made to Lord Krishna on this
day.'Vishu Pulari' is a ritual of waking up early
in the morning and seeing God's face first. On
this day, the elders give their children some
form of a gift.

 Thrissur Pooram is celebrated in the month of

Medam. It is a festival of the temples in which
two traditional groups called Thiruvambai and
Paramekkavu compete against each other and
showcase their best in the contest by clothing
their elephants in beautiful garments and
having different huge umbrellas.
RELIGION
 Hinduism and Islam are
two major religions of
Kerala. More than 50% of
people in Kerala follow
Hinduism, and more than
25% follow Islam. Around
20% are Christians, and
others follow Buddhism,
Jainism, Judaism and
other religions. The
cultural diversity of
Kerala is well known.
RITUALS
 The people of Kerala have many rituals for different occasions. Most of
the rituals are temple rituals. Poothanu Mathirayum is a ritual for
Goddess Kali in which dancers dress up as Kaali Ma and dance at all
shrines in the village to remove and destroy the evil demon Daarikan.

 Patayani is a week-long dance ritual for Goddess Kali. It is carried out on

the banks of river Pamba. The dancers tell the story of how evil is
destroyed by taking up various character roles. Midiyettu and Koothu are
other such similar rituals.

 Kanniyar Kali is a dance done as an offering to Goddess Bhagwati. There

are many rituals performed during Onam as well. Onapottan is a folk
character that appears during the first day of Onam. Athachamayam is
an elephant march that signifies the beginning of the Onam festival.
Pookkalam is the flower arrangement done during Onam. It is similar to
Rangoli, but instead of powder, flowers are used. Pookalam is circular in
shape, and people make them from the Atham day of Onam. The size of
the flower arrangement is increased progressively each day till the 10th
day.
IMPORTANCE OF ELEPHANTS
 The state animal of
Kerala is the Elephant.
Elephants form an
integral part of the
culture of Kerala.
Elephants are found
during all religious
festivals outside the
temples. Elephants are
known as 'sons of shaya'
and are also found on the
emblem of the
Government of Kerala
AYURVEDA
 Ayurveda has its historical roots
in india from over 5000 years
and this tradition has sustained
through the centuries.
 In kerala culture even today,

Ayurveda is treated as main

stream form of health care and
medicine and the locals prefer
Ayurveda over modern
medicine.
 Ayurveda centers are found all

around kerala and tourists fly in

here especially for the ayurvedic
massages which are known to
cure even chronic ailmnets.
DETAIL PLAN , SECTION
ELEVATION OF ALL PUBLIC
GATHERING OPEN SPACES WITH
VIEWS/ PHOTOS
PUBLIC GATHERING OPEN SPACES.

 A PUBLIC SPACE IS A PLACE THAT IS

GENERALLY OPEN AND ACCESSIBLE TO
PEOPLE.
 ROADS(including the pavement),PUBLIC

SQUARES ,PARKSAND BEACHES ARE

TYPICALLY CONSIDERED PUBLIC SPACE.
 THE LANDSCAPE OF URBAN OPEN SPACES

CAN RANGE FROM PLAYING FIELDS TO

HIGHLY MAINTAINED ENVIRONMENTS TO
RELATIVELY NATURAL LANDSCAPES.
PUBLIC ADMISNISTRATION..
PALLATH RAMAN CULTURAL CENTRE FORT COCHIN.
• THE LANDSCAPE FOR
PALLATHRAMAN MEMORIAL
CULTURAL CENTRE TO SEE IT AS
A MULTI FUNCTIONAL PUBLIC
SPACE.
• THE VOCABULARY OF DESIGN
AND SELECTION OF PLANTS ARE
INSPIRED BY THE HERITAGE
ZONE ITSELF.
• THE MAIN PURPOSE OF THE
ORGANIZED PUBLIC SPACE IS TO
GIVE SPACE FOR LARGE PUBLIC
GATHERINGS DURING
OCCASIONS OF CULTURAL
PERFORMANCES.
• DURING OTHER PART OF
THE DAY IT ALSO CAN ACT
AS A PUBLIC SPACES/PARK
WHERE PEOPLE CAN JUST
EVENING WALK OR A PALY
SPACES FOR THE CHILDREN
OR GATHERING SPACE FOR
CULTURAL GROUPS.
 SECTION TO SHOWING
AREAS OF PLANTING AND
SEATING.
• THE
VOCABUL
ARY OF
DESIGNA
ND
SECTION
OF
PLANTS
ARE ROA
INSPIRED D.
BY THE
HERITAGE
ZONE FOOTPAT
ITSELF. PATHWAY. WALL. H.
MAIDA
N. SEATING PLANTER
. BOX.
VIEWS OF
OPEN
SPACES..
DOCUMENTATION OF ALL FESTIVALS AND
RITUALS,CLOTHING ,ART AND CRAFTS OF
DIFFERNT SEGMENTS OF PEOPLE
FESTIVALS AND RITUALS
 ONAM
◦ A 10-day long festival, Onam is a well renowned
Hindu festival that is celebratedwith huge devotio
ns. The striking feature of this festival is that it
involves Kathakalidance, indoor and outdoor
games, boat races and several featuring songs.
Onamhas been celebrated to mark the homecoming
of King Mahabali, who used to ruleKerala during the
ancient period. The period of King Mahabali was
said to beagolden era of Kerala, where people lived
happily with love, harmony, andprosperity.
◦ Iime of Ccelebration of Onam: This festival Is
celebrated between the month ofAugustand
September and is also known as harvest festival of
Kerala.
◦ Major Attractions of Onam: Tiger Play, Flower
Rangoli, Thumbi Thullal and Onasadyaare the major
attractions to enjoy while enjoying this 10-day
colorful festival.
◦ Weather Condition: This frolic festival of 10 days is
mostly celebrated in the period ofmonsoon where
tourists, along with the colours of the festival, can
also enjoy the frizzyrains of Kerala.
ONAM
This is one of the most important festivals of
Kerala and is said to be theNew Year for the
Malayali people, based on the ancient
(astrological)Malayal am calendar.
◦ Time of Celebration: This festival is
celebrated in month April
◦ Major Attractions: Malayali begin this day by
looking to "Kani-Kan al" which is
preparedprevious night and offered to garlan
ded deity of Krishna. The festivaľ’s major
attractions arethe firecrackers, payas am and
Vishu kanji.
◦ Weather Condition: Being a harvest festival,
Vishu brings along pleasant weather
Condition
THRISSUR POORAM FESTIVAL

Thrissur Pooram is one of the famous

temple festivals in Kerala and has
beencelebrated for more than 200 years.
This festival is celebrated at
theVadakkunnath an Temple in Thrissur
yearly and is celebrated for almost 36
hourswith traditio nal puja, ending with
extreme fireworks. The festival is
celebrated toworship Lord Shiva and
involves color, music, and religion.
◦ Time of Celebration: This festival is celebrated in
April
◦ Major Attractions: The major attraction of this
festival is enthralling sights of more thanfifty clad
of elephants passing through the streets of
Thrissur at the sound of beatingdrums.
◦ Weather Condition: Temperature remains in low 20s
during the time of this festival inKerala.
 THEEYAM FESTIVAL

◦ Theyyam is an 800 year old festival where you can

visualize more than 400 types ofcultural dances,
performed by peopled dressed as deities. The
performer goesthrough three stages of learning:
the first stage is of adorning themselves withcolors,
flowers, and mask; the second stage involves self-
torture and the thirdstage is all about dancing on a
rhythm. This festival is celebrated with huge
funwhich brings the new level of pleasure in the life
of the attendees.
◦ Time of Celebration: This festival is usually
celebrated from December to April.
◦ Major Attractions: The major attraction of this
festival is the mythological stories beingenacted
through the "dance of gods" performance.
◦ Weather Condition: For cultural enthusiasts,
Theyyam falls at the best time of the yearwhen the
weather remains cool and pleasant.
 KERALA BOAT FESTIVALS

 Kerala is famous for its backwater rides, the

main high lights of the state. Thebeautiful
river, lakes and Arabian Sea are all the part of
these backwater rides,where you can also
visualize the boat festivals of Kerala. Boat
Festival is enhancedwith different sizes of the
boats, where you can see the team spirit
amongparticipants, great enthus iasm among
the riders and people cheering each otherall
around the place.
◦ Most Famous Boat Races in Kerala: Nehru
Trophy Boat Race in Alleppey,
ChampakulamMoolam Boat Race at
Alappuzha, Vallam Kali at Punnamada Lake
and PayippadJalots avamat Payippad Lake
located at a distance of 35 km from the
district Alappuzha
◦ Time of Celebration: Usually the boat
festival is held in between July to September
◦ Major Attraction: Unique feature of the boat
festival is that it is celebrated for
manyreasons. It is either associated with
temples or with Onam or at times held
without anyreason.
 TRADITIONAL DRESSING

 In Kerala the Lungi, locally known

as Kailior Kalli Mundu, is worn by
both men andwomen. It is
considered a casual dress
orworking dress of labourers. Most
men inKerala use lungi as home
dress or sleepdress. Lungis are
generally colourful, andwith varying
designs.
 HANDI CRAFTS IN KERALA

 The state of Kerala is affluent ina range of

artistic handicrafts.Each of these Kerala
handicrafts showcases decade oldradifions.
Even fhe femples of Kerala include many
cratts ofmetal alloys made out of a mixture
of brass, tin and copper,which create
popular tower-like lamps.
 PRODUCTS
Brass and Bell Metal works
Coir and cane Products
Ivory Works Lacquer Ware
Sandalwood Carving
Textiles
Wooden Toys
Kathakali Masks
Wood Carving
VELLINEZHI, PALLAKAD
 DETAIL DOCUMENTATION OF ALL
TEMPLES FESTIVALS AND ITS
RESONANCE ON THE VILLAGE FABRIC
TEMPLE FESTIVALS AND SPECIAL
FESTIVALS
LOCATION
FESTIVALS

Thrissur Pooram Thrissur

makaravilakku sabarimala,
Attukal Temple,
Attukal Pongala
Thiruvananthapuram
vrishchikotsavam sree poornathrayeesa tem
ple

Padmanabhaswamy Templ
Utsavams e
, Thiruvananthapuram
Vaikom Temple,
Ashtami
Kodungalloor Bharani
Chembai Sangeetholsavam Guruvayoor
Chettikulangara Kumbha B Mavelikkara
harani
Maha Shivaratri Aluva Temple, Maradu
Padanilam Parabrahma
Maha Shivaratri
Temple, Mavelikkara
Anikkattilammakshethram
Ponkalamaholsavam
, Mallappally
Thiruvabharana Valiyakoickal Temple, 
 THRISSUR POORAM
 Thrissur Pooram – Vadakkunnathan Temple
 Thrissur Pooram Festival held at Vadakkunnathan

Temple in Thrissur every year on the annual festival of

Pooram. The festival is largest and most famous of all
Poorams in Kerala
 ALPASHI UTSAVAM
 Alpashi Utsavam – Padmanabhaswamy Temple
 Padmanabhaswamy Temple host many festivals such as

Panguni festival, Alpashi Utsavam and Aarat Festival.

The festivals at Shankumugham Beach is a major
annual festival
 ATTUKAL TEMPLE
 Attukal Pongala – Attukal Temple
 Attukal Pongala festival at Attukal Bhagavathi temple

in Thiruvananthapuram is described as Sabarimala of

the Women. The Attukal Bhagavathy Temple is one of
the most renowned temple of Bhadrakali in Kerala and
ancient temples of South India
KETTUKAZHCHA-CHETTIKULANGURA
DEVI TEMPLE
 Kettukazhcha – Chettikulangara Devi Temple
 Chettikulangara Devi Temple dedicated to the goddess

Bhadrakali and known for Chettikulangara Kumbha

Bharani festival. Kuthira and Theru means Horses and
Chariots are all incredibly gigantic temple cars
 NANDIKESHAN FESTIVAL
 Nandikeshan – Padanilam Parabrahma Temple
 Padanilam Parabrahma Temple is one of the major

temples in Kerala, situated at Padanilam. The temple is

dedicated to Lord Parabrahma and famous for tall
statues of Nandikeshan from Edappon, Ulavukkad,
Kudassanad and Naduvilemuri kara
 CHINAKKATHOOR POORAM-
CHINAKKATHOOR TEMPLE
 Chinakkathoor Pooram – Chinakkathoor Temple
 Chinakkathoor Temple is also dedicated to goddess

Bhadrakali and famous for Chinakkathoor pooram

festival. Chinakkathoor Festival has ritualistic shadow
puppet show of Kudhira kali
 MACHATTU MAMANGAM
-MACHATTU TEMPLE
 Machattu Mamangam – Machattu temple
 Machattu Mamangam festivals of Kerala is celebrated

at the Machattu temple, held annually in Thrissur

district over five days.
 KALPATHI RATHOLSAVAM
 Kalpathi Ratholsavam
 Kalpathi Ratholsavam is the most popular chariot

festival of Kerala, in Viswanatha Swamy Temple at

Kalpathi and known for its unique rituals and chariot
 VALLANGHY NENMARA VELA
 Vallanghy Nenmara Vela
 Vallanghy Nenmara Vela in the valley of Nelliyampathi

hills is the festival of colours and elephants. Cultural

arts forms of Kerala are performed during the festival
along with Pandi Melam, fireworks and
Panchavadyam.
DOCUMENT ALL RELIGIOUS AND
ADMINISTRATIVE
FLOOR PLANS
 A floor plan is a scaled diagram of a room or
building viewed from above. The floor plan
may depict an entire building, one floor of a
building, or a single room. It may also include
measurements, furniture, appliances, or
anything else necessary to the purpose of the
plan.
FLOOR PLANS
 Choose an area. Determine the area to be drawn. If the
building already exists, decide how much (a room, a
floor, or the entire building) of it to draw. If the
building does not yet exist, brainstorm designs based
on the size and shape of the location on which to build.
 Take measurements. If the building exists, measure the
walls, doors, and pertinent furniture so that the floor
plan will be accurate. If the layout is being created for
an entirely new area, be sure that the total area will fit
where it is to be built. It is advisable to examine
buildings built in similar areas to use as an estimate for
this floor plan. 
FURNITURE LAYOUT
 The furniture layout of a
structure is of great
importance and
determines the nature of
the space, with respect
to use, accessibility,
navigation, comfort, etc.
 It has the ability to

change the purpose of a

room from what was
initially decided during
construction.
FLOOR PLANS WITH FURNITURE
LAYOUT
 When it comes to rural areas, function is prioritised
over from and aesthetics.
 A space in a residence would be built with multiple
purposes in mind, and the furniture layout would
reflect this thinking.
 In case of the aforementioned residences, with a
singular central space, the basic furniture for rooms
of all functions can be found in one space.
 Similarly, in cases where the functions necessary are
more than the number of available rooms, the
purpose of a space can change with its furniture
layout from what was predetermined.
SECTION
Any of the more or less distinct parts into
which something is or may be divided or from
which it is made up.
 A “section drawing”, “section” or “section

drawing” shows a view of a structure as through

it had been sliced in half or cut along another
imaginary plane.
 For buildings, this can be useful as it gives a

view through the spaces and surrounding

structures that can reveal the relationship
between the different parts of the buildings
TYPES OF SECTION
Common ones of building
section are:
 full section
 half section
 broken section
 rotated or
revolved section
 removed
section
 offset section
 assembly
section
ELEVATION
A elevation drawing is an orthographic projetion
drawing that shows one side of the house

The purpose of an elevation drawing is to show

the finished apperances of a given side of the
house and to assume vertical height dimensions

Four elevations are customarily drawn, one for each

side of the house
AN ELEVATION PLAN INCLUDES THE
FOLLOWING
 Identifications of the
specific side of the house
that the elevation
represents
 Grade lines
 Finished floor ceiling levels
 Locations of exterior wall

corners
 Windows and doors
 Roof features
 Dimensions, notes,

symbols
FLOOR AND CEILING , GRADE LINE
 The references point for most elevation is
the grade line
 All features which are below the grade line

should be drawn with hidden lines

 Example are ; foundations wall footers and

window well
 Comman ceiling height in a garage is 8’-

0’’
 Most codes require that the top

foundations wall be at least 8’’ above the

grade
WALL ,WINDOWS AND DOORS

 •All visible wall corners are shown on the

elevation using object lines.
 •Windows and doors located on the exterior

wall must be included on the elevation.

 •It is customary to place tops of windows

the same height as the tops of doors. This

height is usually 6’-10”
ROOF FEATURES

•The elevation drawing is

where the roof style and
pitch are shown, as well
as chimney height and
size. The roof pitch
symbol is preferred when
indicated the roof pitch.
•If more than one roof
height is anticipated, the
highest section should be
drawn first.
DIMENSIONS AND SYMBOLS

••Dimensions on the elevation are

mainly vertical height dimensions.
Features that must be dimensioned are:
••Thickness of the footer
••Distance from the footer to the grade
••Finished floor-to-finished ceiling

distance
••Overhang width
••Height of the top of windows and

doors
••Height of the chimney above the roof
INTERIOR DESIGN
 Those who have visited Kerala-
the pristine God's own country,
will have a bag full of memories
and inspirations to take back
home- The food, pristine natural
bounty, marvellous palatial
architecture and much more. For
those who have opted for a home
stay, the experience is only
richer as they get a  closer view
of the culture,  tradition and
cuisines.
HIGH VENTILATION
 Blessed with a
 pleasant, moderate
climate through out the
year with a few days of
 exceptional heavy
rains, Keralites love to
have expansive windows
and ventilators in every
single room.
INDOOR COURTYARD
 Nadumuttam which translates to
centre courtyard, is one of vital
spaces that one can see in a Kerala
styled home. The centre inside the
house  is made into a natural
courtyard by either leaving the
space empty or having a 'tulasi tara'
(a structure on which sits a Basil
plant) that bears great religious
importance in Hindu mythology. The
courtyard  bordered with huge
pillars are usually left open upwards
EVOLVING STYLES
 Interiors of a Kerala
house will inspire you to
experiment. It is hard to
find two houses having
their stairs made in a
similar design. Some, like
to blend the ancient model
into the contemporary
while others go for a
complimenting style.
DOORS AND WINDOWS
 This is probably one of the striking
interior elements of a house done
in Kerala style.The doors and
windows are considered to be of
great aesthetic value. The doors,
especially the main entrance door
and windows are given a majestic
look with intricate detailing and
carving. The style indeed changes
from time to time with each one
becoming the latest trend in
interior designing.
 LATERITE
 This space can generally provide
seating for 2 to 3 people and is
known as a sit-out. Well,
Malayalees firmly believe that it
takes a village to raise a child
and they place great value on
communal harmony and societal
relations. Hence, this space
doubles as a humble formal living
area for the common people-
most of their formal interactions
are in this space.
CLIMATE STUDY
CLIMATE
Integrated weather condition over several years is
generally referred to as climate. An analysis of the
climate of a particular region can help in assessing
the season or periods during which a person may
experience comfortable or uncomfortable condition.
The information helps a designer to build a house
that filters out adverse climate effects, while
simultaneously allowing those that are beneficial.
The built-form and arrangement of opening of a
building can be suitably derived from this analysis.
 SOLAR RADIATION
Solar radiation is the radiant energy received from sun.
It is the intensity of sunrays falling per unit time per unit
area and is usually expressed in watts per square
metre(W/m2).
The radiation incident on a surface varies from moment to
moment depending on its geographic location (latitude and
longitude of the place), orentiation, season, time of day and
atmospheric condition.
Solar radiation is the most important weather variable that
determines whether a place experiences high temperature
or is predominantly cold.
The instruments used for measuring of solar radiation are
the pyranometer and the pyrheliometer. The duration of
sunshine is measured using a sunshine recorder.
 TEMPERATURE

The temperature of air in a shaded(but

well ventilated) enclosure is known as
the ambient temperature.
It is generally expressed in degree
clesius.
Temperature at a given site depends
on wind as well as local factors such as
shading, presence of water body,
sunny condition, etc.
 AIR TEMPERATURE
Air humidity
which represents
the amount of
moisture present
in the air.
High humidity
accompanied by
high ambient
temperature
causes a lot of
discomfort.
 PRECIPITATION

The definition of precipitation is any form

of water – liquid or solid – falling from the
sky.
Precipitation includes water in all its
forms rain, snow, hail or dew.
It is usually measured in millimeters by
using a rain gauge.
 WIND
Wind is the movement of air
due to a different in
atmospheric pressure.
Wind speed can be measured by
an anemometer and is usually
expressed in meter per second.
It is major design consideration
for architects because it affect
indoor comfort conditions by
influencing the convective heat
exchanges of building
envelope, as well as causing air
infiltration into the building.
 TEMPERATURE

Temperature is a physical quantity that

expresses the subjective perceptions of
hot and cold.
Temperature is measured with a
thermometer, historically calibrated in
various temperature scales and units of
measurement.
The most commonly used scales are the
celsius scale, denoted in °C the fahrenheit
scale (°F), and the kalvin scale.
 VEGETATION
Forclimate control, deciduous shade trees
might be used to screen the hot summer sun
or in winter permit the solar radiation to
penetrate to the ground, or to the walls and
windows of a building.
Large shrubs can serve as windbreaks to
reduce wind velocities.
Changes in solar radiation or light levels are
possible with shading.
In addition to these factors, a number of
natural elements such as hills, valleys,
waterbodies, etc. Affect the climate locally.
Building, cities and other man made features
 ROOF TRUSS AND ROOF
TILING DETAILS
A truss is a structure with
straight pieces forming triangles
to support a load . The members
of the triangles are placed under
tension and compression but do
not bend.
 ROOF TRUSS
Roof trusses are characterised
by an economic use of
construction materials(timber ,
steel). Composed of individual
lightweight pieces, a truss can
also provide considerable
advantage in transport and
assembly as compared to
conventional roof structures .
As well as it works well with the
climate .
 TYPES OF TRUSS

KING TRUSS
QUEEN TRUSS
RAISED COLLAR TRUSS
ARCHED TRUSS
 KING TRUSS
This the most traditional
,classic design of roof
truss . It consists of a
triangle formed from a
tie beam at the base and
two sloping rafters joins
at the top.the most
basic design also allows
a large amount of light
to enter the room.
 QUEEN TRUSS
These are very similar design to the
king truss but instead of a king post
the main weight bearing structures
are symmetrical posts . These are a
great choice of truss for attic spaces
as the gap in the middle forms a
corridor , allowing access along the
length of the attic.
 ROOF TILING

CLAY ROOF TILES:

MATERIAL: natural clay is
fired in a kiln
To make these tiles
ECOFRIENDLY: made from
natural
Materials
DURABILITY : heavy
 COLUMN DETAILS
Timber is the Prime
structural material
abundantly available in
many varieties in Kerala
from bamboo to teak
Perhaps the skillful choice
of timber,accurate
joinery,artful assembly and
delicate carving of wood
work for column,walls and
roofs frames are the
unique characteristics of
 MATERIAL USED
• Pillars in wood /
stone with carvings
or decorative works
• Used to add
elegance to hall
• Stone pillars are
generally carved
extensively while
wooden pillars are
usually simple and
round
COLUMN
 ORNAMENTATION
Ornamentation, in architecture, applied embellishment in
various styles that is a distinguishing characteristic of buildings,
furniture, and household items.

Ornamentation often occurs on entablatures, columns, and the

tops of buildings and around entryways and windows,
especially in the form of moldings.

Throughout antiquity and into the Renaissance, and later for

religious buildings, applied ornament was very important, often
having symbolic meaning.

The anthemion petal motif was especially popular on the

moldings of ancient Greek cornices. 
 PURPOSE
Ornament is decoration or
embellishment. It is any additional
detail added to an object, interior or
architectural structure which serves
no other purpose than to make it
more interesting, arresting or
beautiful to us.

Take this Sèvres soup plate for

instance. The richly painted and
gilded decoration adds absolutely
nothing to the function of the plate,
but the effect is certainly more
interesting than a plain white plate.
 PURPOSE OF
ORNAMENTATION
Catherine the Great evidently
thought so too, as she had the
service to which this plate belongs
re-designed eight times before she
felt it was quite right.
 ART
In architecture and
decorative art, ornament is a
decoration used to embellish parts
of a building or object
ORNAMENTATION MEAN OF
ART
‘Ornament is the language through which
architecture communicates with a broader
public - each remove puts another degree of
separation between the profession
and the public
THANKING YOU