M PT OM S O F D EM EN TI A

THE S Y
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 THE SIGNS AND EARLY SYMPTOMS
OF DEMENTIA
1. Difficulty Finding The Right Words
Another early symptom of dementia is struggling to communicate thoughts. A person with
dementia may have difficulty explaining something or finding the right words to express
themselves.
2. Changes In Mood
A change in mood is also common with dementia. If you have dementia, it isn’t always easy to
recognize this in yourself, but you may notice this change in someone else. Depression, for
instance, is typical of early dementia.
3. Apathy
Apathy, or listlessness, commonly occurs in early dementia. A person with symptoms could lose
interest in hobbies or activities. They may not want to go out anymore or do anything fun.
4. Difficulty Completing Normal Tasks
A subtle shift in the ability to complete normal tasks may indicate that someone has
early dementia. This usually starts with difficulty doing more complex tasks like
balancing a checkbook or playing games that have a lot of rules
5. Confusion
Someone in the early stages of dementia may often become confused. When memory,
thinking, or judgment lapses, confusion may arise as they can no longer remember
faces, find the right words, or interact with people normally.
6. Difficulty Following Storylines
Difficulty following storylines may occur due to early dementia. This is a classic early
symptom.
Just as finding and using the right words becomes difficult
7. A Failing Sense Of Direction
The sense of direction and spatial orientation commonly starts to deteriorate with
the onset of dementia.
8. Being Repetitive
Repetition is common in dementia because of memory loss and general behavioral
changes. The person may repeat daily tasks, such as shaving, or they may collect
items obsessively.
9. Struggling To Adapt To Change
For someone in the early stages of dementia, the experience can cause fear.
Suddenly, they can’t remember people they know or follow what others are saying.
10. Subtle Short-term Memory Changes
Trouble with memory can be an early symptom of dementia. The changes are often
subtle and tend to involve short-term memory. An older person may be able to
remember events that took place years ago but not what they had for breakfast.
 DEPRESSION DEMENTIA
• People with dementia of any type have a high incidence of major depression.The
occurrence of a first major depressive episode in an older adult is a risk factor for
developing dementia.Management of depression in a person with dementia should
be enthusiastic with an aim to optimise quality of life.Non-pharmacological and
pharmacological strategies are both important in treating depression in dementia
and management of these patients requires a collaborative approach. The onset of
the first major depression in an older adult may be the first sign of dementia that is
developing or at risk of developing.5-7 Diagnosis of the dementia will be difficult
until the depressive episode has remitted or at least improved.
• Management of depression in dementia
1. Non-pharmacological strategies
Strategies that apply to the depressed adult population can also be used for people with dementia and
depression. If it is too difficult for the patient to continue with daily personal care (e.g. shopping, meal
preparation, chores) during their depressive episode, relief and support should be offered. Daily activities
that may raise mood, and pleasant but not onerous social and physical activity within the person’s
capability, should be maximised.

2. Pharmacological strategies
Most of the original antidepressant trials did not include significant numbers of older people, or people
with dementia. Clinicians often extrapolate from these trials to the dementia population, but should
consider the full range of available antidepressants with caution. Antidepressants are likely to be less
effective in older adults and people with dementia. 16,17 A selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor would be a
recommended first-line drug, although mirtazapine has a role when initial insomnia is a dominant
symptom.
 VOCABULARIES IN SYMPTOMS

 Dementia
Is the most common form of dementia, a general term for memory loss and other intellectual abilities serious
enough to interfere with daily life
 Memory loss
Alzheimer’s destroys brain cell, causing memory loss and problems with thinking and behavior severe enough
to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life.
 Brain disorder
Alzheimer disease is a brain disorder named for German physician alois alzheimer.
 Brain cell
Alzheimer’s destroys brain cells, causing memory loss and problems with thinking and behavior severe
enough to affect work, lifelong hobbies or social life.
 Vascular
Other types of dementia include vascular dementia, mixed dementia, dementia with lewy bodies and
frontotemporal dementia.
 Prevention dementia

• Dementia is hard to prevent, because what causes it often is not known. But people
who have dementia caused by stroke may be able to prevent future declines by
lowering their risk of heart disease and stroke. Even if you don't have these known
risks, your overall health can benefit from these strategies:
• Don't smoke.
• Stay at a healthy weight.
• Get plenty of exercise.
• Eat healthy food.
• Manage health problems including diabetes, high blood pressure, and high
cholesterol.
• Stay mentally alert by learning new hobbies, reading, or solving crossword puzzles.
• Stay involved socially. Attend community activities, church, or support groups.
• If your doctor recommends it, take aspirin.
THANK YOU