Sri Vasavi College, Erode

Self-Finance Wing

Department of Computer Science

Online class for the Academic Year 2020-2021

Core 3: JAVA PROGRAMMING

Class 11
Unit II
On 05/08/2020 at 10:45 a.m to 11:30 a.m

Handled by
Ms. S. Anusuya, M.C.A.,M.Phil.,
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Computer Science
 Java Programming,
05/08/2020, 10:45 A.M Ms. S. Anusuya, Asst. Professor in Computer 2
Science
 Java Programming,
3
05/08/2020, 10:45 A.M Ms. S. Anusuya, Asst. Professor in Computer
Science
 The while statement

• A while statement has the following syntax:

while (condition)
statement;
• If the condition is true, the statement is
executed; then the condition is evaluated
again
• The statement is executed over and over
until the condition becomes false
• If the condition of a while statement is
false initially, the statement is never
executed
• Therefore, we say that a while statement
executes zero or more times
 While statement flow
diagram
while (condition)
statement;

condition

true

statement
 Example - Counter
// Counts from 1 to 5
class Counter {
static final int LIMIT = 5;

public static void main(String[]

args) {
int count = 1;
while (count <= LIMIT) {
System.out.println(count);
count = count + 1;
}
System.out.println(“done”);
}
}
 Examples - Factors
// Gets an integer and prints its
factors
class FactorsExample {
public static void main(String[]
args) {
InputRequestor input = new
InputRequestor();
int a = input.requestInt(“Enter a
number:”);
int i = 1;
System.out.println(“The divisors of
“+a+” are:”);
while (i <= a) {
if (a%i == 0) {
System.out.println(i);
}
i = i + 1;
}
}
}
 Infinite Loops

• The body of a while loop must

eventually make the condition
false
• If not, it is an infinite loop, which
will execute until the user
interrupts the program
• This is a common type of logical
error -- always double check that
your loops will terminate
normally
 Example - Forever
// This program contains an infinite
loop
class Forever {
static final int LIMIT = 25;

public static void main(String[]

args) {
int count = 1;
while (count <= LIMIT) {
System.out.println(count);
count = count - 1;
}
}
}
 More Repetition
Constructs
• In addition to while loops,
Java has two other constructs
used to perform repetition:
– the do statement
– the for statement

• Each loop type has its own unique

characteristics
• You must choose which loop type
to use in each situation
 The do Statement

• The do statement has the following

syntax:
do
statement
while (condition);
• The statement is executed until the
condition becomes false
• It is similar to a while statement,
except that its termination
condition is evaluated after the loop
body
 The do Statement

• The key difference between a do loop

and a while loop is that the body of
the do loop will execute at least once

• If the condition of a while loop is

false initially, the body of the loop is
never executed

• Another way to put this is that a

while loop will execute zero or more
times and a do loop will execute one
or more times
 Do Statement Example
// Gets an integer and prints its factors
class AvgExample {
public static void main(String[] args){
InputRequestor input = new
InputRequestor();
double x, sum=0, count=-1;
do {
x = input.RequestDouble(“Next
number:”);
sum += x;
count++;
} while (x != 0);
// 0 is a flag indicating end of
input
System.out.println(“The average
is “+sum/count);
}
}
The do Statement flow
diagram

statement

true
condition

false
 The for Statement

• Many loops have a common pattern,

captured by the for statement
• The syntax of the for loop is
for (intialization;
condition; increment)
statement;
• This is equivalent to
initialization;
while (condition) {
statement;
increment;
}
 The for Statement:
examples
• Examples:

for (int count=1; count < 75; count+

+) {
System.out.println (count);
}

for (int num=1; num <= max; num =

num * 2) {
System.out.println (“Next power of
2: “ + num);
}
 The for Statement

• The initialization is always

performed once
• The condition of a for statement is
tested prior to executing the loop
body (like in the while statement)
• Therefore, a for loop will execute
zero or more times
• For loops are well suited for cases
where the number of iterations is
known beforehand
• The increment is executed after
each iteration of the loop
 Omitting parts in a for
Statement
• Each expression in the header of
a for loop is optional
– If the initialization is left out, no
initialization is performed
– If the condition is left out, it is
always considered to be true, and
therefore makes an infinite loop
– If the increment is left out, no
increment operation is performed
• Both semi-colons are always
required
for (;;) {// an infinite loop
System.out.println (“beep”);
}
// compute a value count
for (; count < max ; count ++ ) {
System.out.println (count);
The for Statement flow
diagram
initialization

false
condition

true

statement

increment
 Multiplication Table
Example
class MultiplicationTable {
public static void main(String[]
args){
for(int j=1 ; j <= 10 ; j++) {
for(int k=1 ; k <= 10 ; k++)
System.out.print(j*k);
System.out.println();
}
}
}
 The break and
continue statements
• The break statement, which we used
with switch statements, can also be
used inside a loop
• When the break statement is
executed, control jumps to the
statement after the loop (the condition
is not evaluated again)
• A similar construct, the continue
statement, can also be executed in a
loop
• When the continue statement is
executed, control jumps to the end of
the loop and the condition is evaluated
 Break and Continue
class AvgExample2 {
Example
public static void main(String[] args)
{
InputRequestor in = new
InputRequestor();
double x, sum = 0; count = 0;
while(true){
x = in.RequestDouble();
if (x == 0)
break;
if (x < 0) {
System.out.println(“Only
positive numbers!”);
continue;
}
sum += x ;
count ++ ;
} // continued on next page
 Break and Continue
Example (2)
System.out.println(“The average is
“+sum/count);
}
}
 Thank You....

Any Queries?…….

Java Programming,
25
05/08/2020, 10:45 A.M Ms. S. Anusuya, Asst. Professor in Computer
Science